9 th S. II. DEC. 10, '98.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
475
under ' Cistercians,' vol. v. p. 793, refers to
the following, among others : Manriquez's
' Annales Cistercienses,' 4 vols., folio, Lyons
1642 ; the various biographies of St. Ber
nard by Alban Butler, Neander, Morrison
and others ; ' The Cistercian Saints of Eng
land, especially St. Stephen Harding,' editec
by Cardinal Newman, London, 1844 ; ' Latin
Christianity,' bk. viii. chap.iv.; Mrs. Jameson's
'Legends of the Monastic Orders,' London
1850 ; Cosmo Innes's ' Scotland in the Middle
Ages,' Edinburgh, 1860 and an article on
' Cistercian Abbeys in Yorkshire ' in Prater's
Magazine for September, 1876. D. M. R.
Articles on 'The Religious Orders of the Church ' have appeared in St. Peter's Magazine from time to time this year. The November number contains a well-illustrated article on ' The Cistercians,' in which the houses of that order in the United Kingdom are enumerated. ARTHUR MAYALL.
See Dugdale's ' Monasticon,' Tanner's ' No- titia,' Burton's 'Monasticon Eboracense,' ' Cistercian Statutes ' (Yorkshire Arch. Soc.] and works referred to in introduction and notes thereto, Walcott's 'Church and Con- ventual Arrangement,' 'Memorials of Foun- tains' (Surtees Soc.), Fosbroke's 'British Monachism,' &c. J. T. F.
Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham.
BLACK IMAGES OF THE MADONNA (9 th S. ii. 367, 397, 449). The summary from L'lnter- mddiaire may be good for Western Europe, but as it includes only two black Virgins in the Russian empire, and gives none for Turkey, Greece, Austro-Hungary, Bulgaria, &c., it is merely ridiculous on the whole.
MR. MAYALL'S explanation as to the origin of black Virgins neglects the fact that those produced in the countries of the Eastern Church are of two types the one Abyssinian or Galla, quite black, and the other a Byzantine type, which combines with classical Greek features a red-copper complexion.
ROMAN CATHOLIC (9 th S. ii. 227, 394). With reference to the valuable communications of MR. ARMSTRONG and others on the subject of the original inquiry, I may state that no other question was intended to be raised than that of the antiquary and etymologist. The denominational term of "Roman Catholic "is, like its "Protestant" counterpart, necessarily of Reformation origin, either being pretty much coeval; or, if anything, the latter is the earlier of the two. I should imagine that "Roman Catholic" would occur in the controversial publications of Charles J. or
James I., if not before. The combination
has been generally supposed to be peculiar to
the Teutonic peoples, yet it is remarkable
that a French pamphlet appeared in 1591
entitled 'Le Vray Catholique Remain,' evi-
dently inspired by the wish for the conversion
of Henry IV., which took place two years
afterwards.
As to the denominational name by which our forefathers called themselves at any time from Alfred the Great to Wolsey, it is probable that such distinctions did not exist where all were of one faith. Tom and Harry in Chaucer's day described themselves (if necessary) as "Cris- ten " men, meaning no more than that they were humans and not beasts. Clarence in his fearful dream appeals to his veracity as "a Christian faithful man "; and it is arguable that Shakespeare, who did not write at ran- dom, intended by "faithful" the ecclesiastical Latin fidelis.
On the other hand, no doubt can exist that in dealing with high personages the term Catholic was frequently employed. Thus (Bliss's ' Papal Registers,' Rolls Series) in 1349 the Pope allows Islip, then elect of Canterbury, to be consecrated " by any Catholic Bishop "; and (Rymer's 'Fcedera,' 6 Oct., 1366) Urban V. requests Edward III. "as a Catholic Prince in defence of the Catholic Faith" to lend aid against the Saracens, who were attacking Cyprus and Rhodes.
Since writing the above I see that Laud, in his conference with Fisher "the Jesuite," speaks of " Roman Catholicks " in 38. The conference was held in 1622.
FRANCIS KING.
The late Prof. De Morgan had a copy of a book called 'Rituale' of Bonaventura Piscator, Venice, 1537, which gave the "derivation of the word Catholic as exclusively applied to
he Church of Rome." This he quoted and threatened to publish in the Athenaeum, but said it would not surprise him if " all Roman Christians should deny its existence." His widow afterward reprinted his 'Budget of Paradoxes,' but with a note saying, "This derivation has been omitted." It is very desirable that the present possessors of his
- opy should be known. E. L. GARBETT.
' OXFORD ARGO ' (9 th S. ii. 309).--In the list of fictitious names of authors, the writer of The Oxford Argo,' by "An Oxford Divine," s Richard Burdon. Will he be the Richard Surdon (of Newcastle) mentioned in Foster's Alumni Oxonienses ' 1 JOHN RADCLIFFE.
REV. EDWARD WARTON, 1709-50 (9 th S. i.
- 88). Is your correspondent aware that the
