9"- s. vi. SEPT. i, 1900.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 167 'Whitby Authors'; 'Whitby Chartulary,' Surt. Soc., vol. i. pref. P. 385. Patrick Young. See preface to Hammond's 'Paraphrase, 1653. P. 422 b, 1. 15. For "Histories" read Historians. W. C. B. THE LIBRARY OF JOHN FREIND, M.D., 1675- 1728.—In 'Reliquue Hearnianse' (vol. iii p. 19), under date 6 April, 1729, it is said :— " Dr. Freind'g books sold high, particularly the Oxford editions. Part of these books were once the property of Cowley, descended to Sprat, and bought by the D'of Sprat's executors There were two stanzas of Sapphicks in a Ctesar's Comment, old edition, sent by the late Mr Antony Alsop to the IX as a present. _ In all probability the following are the lines referred to of an epigrammatic character, which may be found in the Latin poems of Antony Alsop, an elegant Latin poet, who has inscribed several of his poems to Dr. Freind :— fOHANKI FKEIND, M.I'., H:.u:n . CAESARIS COMMENTAR1IS. Dum ateti volvens animo et revolvens Cui darem haec prisci monumenta praeli, Adfoit tandem monuitque vulsa Cynthius aure. Ergpne ignotus tibi noster,' inquit, Freindus ? hnic dona: quot enira Britannos Caesar inunisit, totideiu retontat Freindus ab Oreo. In addition to these poems there is prefixed to the ' Works of Dr. Freind' a long ode in sapphic metre by Antony Alsop, B.I)., and another in aloaica by_ John Wigan, M.D., who was an eminent physician in his day. Dr. John Freind was an excellent Latin scholar, and had been educated at Westminster under Dr. Busby, as was also his elder brother, Robert Freind, D.D., who filled the office of head master of Westminster School for many years. The latter died in 1754, and was buried at Witney in Oxfordshire. There is a fine engraving of Dr. John Freind, representing him in a sitting posture, prefixed to the folio edition of his works, and underneath " M. Dahl pinx. — Q. Vertue sculpsit, 1730." His picture hangs in Christ Church Hall. JOHN PICKFOHD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. THE EMPRESS OF CHINA.—The name of that remarkable woman the Dowager-Empress of China is rarely given correctly. The ad- vertisement of Madame Tussaud's placards London with the absurd Tnirtsi. The Star, in a recent issue (4 Aug.), had the still worse Ttao-tsi. In both these perversions the second element of the name has acquired the initials of the first. Better, but not quite right, is the Tsze-cht of Haydn's ' Dictionary of Dates.' The Westminster Gazette uses Tsze-hi. In 'Men of the Time' I find Tze-hsi. Last and best, the character-sketch in the July Review of Reviews has Tsze-ksi, which exactly represents the Pekinese pronunciation. Tsze is defined by Wells Williams in his ' Syllabic Diction- ary of the Chinese Language' (p. 1033) as "Maternal affection; a mother; love; kind- ness and compassion; mercy; gentle, tender, soft." Hsi he defines (p. 178) as " Joy arising from divine blessings; happy ; favoured by the gods." It is pronouncea, as Mr. Stead very properly observes, like our pronoun " she. JAS. PLATT, Jun. ORIENTATION IN INTERMENTS.— " It is a remarkable fact that the coffin, like that of Prince Alfred, was placed with the bead towards the East, while throughout Germany the general practice is for the body to lie with the head towards the West." So says the Standard of Monday, 6 Aug., in its account of the funeral ceremonial of H.K.H. Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edin- burgh and Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Of course, it is well known that our general Eng- lish practice is in accord with that of Ger- many. Ecclesiastics, it is alleged, should be buried in the reverse position, in order that they may face their flocks on the day of re- surrection. Perhaps a like sentiment may lead to the arrangement that a Duke of Saxe- Coburg-Gotha shall confront his people when graves give up their dead. ST. SWITHIN. " To CHURL."—Is it the case, as intimated by the ' Encyclopaedic Dictionary,' that this useful and expressive verb transitive, in the sense of " to grudge " or " to deprive " with churlish meanness, nas become obsolete ' So Far as one may gather from the illustrative quotation given in support of this antiquarian statement the word, in this special use, is one two hundred years ago. Aubrey's ' Miscel- lanies' (1696) is the work utilized by the lexicographer, and his perfectly apposite quotation, taken from p. 82 of that book, is, You need not,' says he, ' churle me in a piece of meat.'" We may supplement this if we read and note attentively. One essentially nodern example has just leapt to view in a etter from Mrs. Grant of Laggan (17 Jan., L821) to Mrs. Hook, wife of Archdeacon Hook, of Whippingham, Isle of Wight, who subse- quently became Dean of Worcester. Re-
- erring to Hook's native modesty and reserve,
tfrs. Grant exclaims :— " What a provoking person the Archdeacon ia to churl us of the wit and humour that he can squander so profusely when he chooses: witness
