Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 6.djvu/227

9»s.vLs«pT.8,i9oo.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 185 seems to have been the term in use, in the days of Waterloo, for something akin to the modern bazaar. In those times, however the sata must have had a didactic as well as a financial object. The indigent young were apparently expected to profit by its examples or industry and skilful achievement. Mrs Grant was delighted to reflect "that the ingenious trifles which amount to little more than elegant idleness in some, should lay a foundation for the most important and strenuous usefulness in others, by e_nlighten- ing and regulating the young minds thus furnished with instruction." Discussing ' Bazaar,' the ' Encyclopedic Dictionary " quotes its earliest illustrative example of the word from the 'Gazetteer of India,' 1857. The whole matter will, no doubt, be duly settled in the 'H.E.D.' THOMAS BAYNE. [The 'H.E.D.' quotes Sou they for bazaar in 1829. Charity-fair does not seem to be given.] ENRIQUEZ.—Many ingenious reasons have at divers times been put forward to account for the paucity of Jewish dramatists. Where- as the sister art, music, can claim a goodly crop of distinguished votaries, the number of dramatists of Hebrew extraction can be counted^ on one hand. Among these we might include Antonio Gomez Enriquez (1601-60). Many would reject him for being (as is alleged) the son of a pervert from Judaism. Certain facts in his life are note- worthy. _ Up tohis thirty-sixth year he resided in _ Madrid, producing tolerable comedies, which were favourably received till, his Jewish antecedents being ferreted out, he was forced to retire to France, where he won the favour of Louis XIII. He lived in France for many years, and possibly escaped to Amsterdam in 1656 to avoid religious persecution. Here he at last found the salvation his soul hankered after elsewhere in vain, and in an atmosphere of perfect tolerance he publicly avowed attachment to his ancestral faith. His comedies display ready invention and wit. Calderon founded his ' Medico de su Honor' on one of them. M. L. R. BRESLAR. "CIARAVUGLI"=CHARIVARI.—In a lecture delivered in the new museum at Bordighera on 8 March by Mr. William Scott, on Bordi- ghera and its neighbours a hundred years ago, in aid of the War Fund, the following passage occurs :— "A popular custom prevailed at that time [the close of the eighteenth century], and occasionally reappears now, of serenading with an orchestra of tin-pots, kettles, frying-pans, cowhorns, shells, &c., any unhappy widower who ventured to enter into a holy alliance with a widow for the proverbial better or worse. This demoniacal concert was known as the Ciavarugli, and in the dialect of to-day, follow- ing the curious habit of inverting the syllables, it is Cutraviiffli. " In 1801 the municipality of Bordighera declared that this custom tended to disturb public order, to produce personal insults, and. above all, to hinder citizens who were widowers from again contracting matrimony. This last was said to result in grave injury to the population, and to Agriculture! Further indulgence in the amusement of the Ciara- I'uyli was therefore severely prohibited under a penalty of 50 lire for each offender." This word appears to be the same as the Fr. charivari, i.e., a noise, rough music, and may be thought worthy of a note. JOHN HEBB. Canonbury Mansions, N. ANGLO-ISRAEL.—There are some people who think they can identify the English people with the ten lost tribes. On that point I am anxious that 'N. <fe Q. 'should raise no dis- cussion. But one set of allegations may claim attention, and in these Skeato-Murrayish days cause some amusement. The Rev. J. Idrisyn Jones, of Welshpool, N. Wales, has published a tract, 'Britain's Imperial Destiny in Fulfilment of the Abranamic Covenant,' Glasgow, 1900. Part of his argument is philological. Thus, Ephraim arrived in Britain, for Saxons are Isaac's sons ; a colony settled in the north of Ireland, and were called in the Erse or Irish language the Tuatha de Danaan, or the tribe of Dan. This tribe left its name along the course of its westward route, e.g., Danube and Den- mark. The name Scoti is probably derived from Scythian. The Welsh are identical with the Khumri (i.e., Omri) of Assyria, equivalent to Cimmerioi and Cimbri, and now known as the Cymru. These Khumri also left their names, e.g., in the Crimea and Cumberland. W. C. B. THE VOLCANIC ERUPTION AT KRAKATOA. [See ante, p. 101, s.v. 'Ama Nesciri,' <fec.) — MR. C. L. FORD mentions the marvellous sun- sets (sunrises also, if my memory is correct) in the winter of 1883. He says :— ' These were attributed at the time to vast quantities of dust dispersed over our hemisphere as the effect of a recent gigantic earthquake con- vulsion in the Far East. I do not know if such an explanation had the sanction of scientific men." It has the sanction, at all events, of one eminent scientific man. Sir Robert S. Ball, n his ' Star-Land,1 ed. 1889, p. 105, says :— "A few years ago (August, 1883) there was a erritic eruption at Krakatoa [in the Strait of Sunda], during which such a quantity of dust wax shot up into the air that it was borne right round the earth, and produced beautiful sunsets and un- wonted sky hues in almost every country in the world. The explosion at Krakatoa made the loudest