9*s.vi.SBT.i5,i9oo.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 219 THE REV. MR. AARON (9'h S. vi. 128).- Tranquebar. a corruption of the Tamil name " Tarangambadi," meaning "the place of the (high) waves," where this native convert was ordained, was bought by the Danes from the Rajah of Tanjore as far back as 1621, and sold by Denmark with her other settlements in India to the East India Company in 1845. Here the first Protestant mission in India was established under the presidency of Ziegengalb in 1707, and Mr. Aaron, it is presumed, was one of the earliest and most eminent disciples. But it would be interest- ing to know more of him. C. DANIEL DEFOE (9th S v. 285, 483 ; vi. 156). —Referring to the comment of E. L. G. on the pillory at Temple Bar, may I mention that I have a framed engraving showing ' Defoe in the Pillory,' for writing and pub- lishing his 'Short Way with the Dissenters'; but "the three tall iron spikes with traitors' heads on the top of them " are, strange to say, conspicuous by their absence. The original picture, by Eyre Crowe, attracted very much attention when exhibited in 1862. With regard to the brutal custom of placing the heads and quarters of traitors on Temple Bar, to horrify persons who in their hearts did not really believe that William of Orange and George of Hanover were their lawful kings, it may be remarked that the Rye House Plot brought the first trophy to the Golgotha ot the Bar in 1684. Sir Thomas Armstrong, who sold himself to the French Ambassador, was hanged and quartered; the fore-quarter of his body was boiled in pitch in Newgate, and then set on Temple Bar. The exhibition of human remains on Christopher Wren's new arch induced gentle John Evelyn to note in his * Diary,' 10 March, 1696, that it "was a dismal sight." Thorn- bury's 'Haunted London' has two illus trations of Temple Bar decorated with the heads of traitors. One is from a curious print of 1746. The devil looks down in triumph and waves the rebel banner, on which are three crowns and a coffin, with the motto " A crown or a grave," and underneath are these verses:— Observe the banner which would all enslave, Which ruined traytors did so proudly wave. The devil seems the project to despise ; A fiend confused from off the tropny flies. While trembling rebels at the fabrick gaze, And dread their fate with horror and amaze, Let Briton's sons the emblematiclc view, And plainly see what to rebellion '- due. According to Brayley, the last of the poles on •which the heads of unfortunate Jacobite gentlemen were-fixed was removed early in the present century. With reference to Temple Bar itself Walter Thornbury expressed the following opinion : — " The Vatican has grander doorways, the Louvre more stately entrances, but through no gateway in the world have surely |>aased onwards to death BO many millions of wise and brave men, or HO many thinkers who have urged forward learning and civilization, and carried the standard of struggling humanity farther into space." HENRY GEEALD HOPE. Clapham, S.W. TREBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES (9th S. vi. 49). — The earliest instance in the Leeds Registers (Thoresby Society, vii. 285) is :— " Thomas Holden of Brigait, esq. had a child borne 15 June and baptized 19 June named Carolo-Benedictus-Andreus, bapt. domi." The year is 1660. G. D. LUMB. Leeds. NOTES ON BOOKS, tc. Vs Gargantua and Pantayruel. Translated into English by Sir Thomas Urquhart and Peter Motteux. With Introductions by Charles Whibley. Vol. III. (Nutt.) As we hoped, the third volume of Mr. Whibley's edition of Rabelais, completing the work, is now riven to the world. It contains the fourth and fifth books of ' Pantagruel,' the ' Pantagruelian Prognostication ' of Master Alcofribas Nasier, and the letters and miscellanies. As the translation is entirely the work of Pierre Antoine Lemotteux or Motteux, and first saw the light in 1694, it can only 3>y a stretch be included in the series of " Tudor Translations." So welcome is it, and so contented are we to possess the whole of Rabelais in this delightful series, that it is without a thought of disapproval we bring forward again this point. In lis introduction to this portion of the work Mr. Whibley includes a full statement of the change experienced in passing from Urquhart to Motteuz —from the " majestic eccentricity" of Sir Thomas to the " pert flippancy " of his successor. To the close student of the translation the change of style cannot be other than sensible. Motteux mav, and ndeed does, give us the slang of the coffee-nouse. Sad he not, however, after the death of Urquhart sontinued the task, into what hands might it not lave fallen? St. Evremonde was the only man of the day then in London who was capable of under- standing Rabelais's highly charged and fantastic French, and he, so far from possessing fami- iarity with the English of the coffee-house and
- he bagnio, had, so far as is known, no better
icquaintance with our language than was indis- jensable to the successful prosecution of Court ntrigues or gallantries. Be this as it may, it is t least a matter of congratulation that Motteux undertook a task for which, as a French refugee, le had peculiar qualifications. It has scarcely been mputed to him as a fault that he is dirtier than lis original, but so he is. It may be conceded— it s conceded— that impropriety loses some of iU
