VII. JUNE 22, 1901.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
491
tion of the Public Record Office, and of the
depository of old wills at Somerset House;
but there are yet many sources of informa-
tion which remain.closed to willing searchers,
and where access is allowed to them they are
restricted by short official hours. However,
as the living generation has enjoyed advan-
tages beyond its predecessor, we will hope
that to the next still greater facilities will
open out. Then, doubtless, more will be
learnt on such vexed questions as the limits
of the manor of Tyburn; and further let us
hope that in the meantime they who differ
in opinion may do so with tolerance and
good humour.
From the circumstance that land in Tyburn was acquired by Robert de Sanford, Master of the Knights Templars who held the manor of Lilestone, it is the conjecture of COL. PRIDEAUX (ante, p. 382) that the Tyburn land may have merged in Lilestone, and possibly may have constituted that part of Lilestone which the Prior of the Hospitallers (succes- sors to the Templars) leased to Blennerhasset in 1512, which land became the Portman estate. This, if it were assured, would account for the intersection of Tyburn by Lilestone in case the manor of Tyburn were
g roved to have extended into Paddington. ut of course this conjecture, however reason- able, requires substantiating. At present, although we credit Thomas Smith's citation in his * Marylebone ' of the prior's lease, with its interesting field -names, we do not know where it is found. W. L. RUTTON.
COL. PRIDEAUX declares he " cannot accept the argument that the name ' Tyburn ' was a movable one, which was bestowed on what- ever site the gallows occupied." In one case it seems to have been given on such a principle. The late Mr. Robert Dayies, F.S.A., a cautious man and a careful writer, asserts of the York Tyburn that " it was so called in imitation of the name of the locality near London chosen for the same purpose, and a bye-way near it is to this day called Tyburn Lane "('Walks through the City of York,' p. 101). ST. SWITHIN.
It appears that Park Lane was once called Tyburn Lane, and where it joined Tyburn Road or Oxford Street there would be Tyburn Gate, no doubt a toll-bar. Water was drawn from Tyburn, and hereabouts was the Conduit Head; adjoining it was the Lord Mayor's banqueting house, the only building shown in my maps. Park Lane continued the Roman road from Lambeth to the Edgware Road for St. Albans, &c. ^ Tyburn should be compared with Ollantigh in Kent,
Corbets' Tye in Essex, meaning "house,"
not town. The Celts prefixed the suffix, as
in Tymawr, or great house, Ty-croes, <fec.
The manor was utterly disintegrated, and
has left no recognizable survival in the
'London Directory of Street Names.' The
elms would have skirted the roadway, and
the "gate" would be a terminus. I should
add that Ty is equated with twy, as for " two
bourns "; t>ut can both be identified 1
A. HALL.
INCISED CIRCLES ON STONES (9 th S. vii. 389). Since Canon Greenwell insisted on the importance of this then-neglected subject, a considerable literature has been produced relating to circles and cup-marks. In 1860 Algernon, the fourth Duke of Northumber- land, had prepared a splendid folio, with rubbings and descriptive notes of these markings in Northumberland and other parts of the United Kingdom. The work was never published, but the late Duke very liberally presented copies to many of the public institutions and libraries at home and abroad. In 1867 the late Sir James Simpson published 'Archaic Sculpturings,' bringing the subject up to date. Since then the Pro- ceedings of many of the antiquarian societies, British and foreign, have published papers relating to these markings. In 1875 a large number of such cup-marks were found by me in India, and were figured and described in the Proceedings of the Bengal Asiatic Society and in 'N. & O.,' certain theories being advanced. The Government of the United States then took up the inquiry, the result of which is published in Dr. Rau's book (Ethnological Department, Washington). My own paper and sketches were reproduced, and the theories of Prof. Desor, myself, and others fully discussed. Prof. Douglas and Prof. Terrien de la Couperie then furnished an important clue, which it has recently been possible to follow up, and the result is now in the press, and will be published by me later in the summer. The latest and best informa- tion on the subject will be found in a paper published by Mr. Andrew Lang in the Con- temporary Review two years ago, entitled 'Cup and Ring.' Prof. Bertrand, of the French Institute^devotes some attention to cup-markings and my theories in his 'Nos Origines' ('La Religion des Gaulois,' Pans, Leroux, 1897). As already indicated, the Proceedings of many societies contain much information scattered about in their pages, and if your correspondent is interested in this special line of research, I hope soon to be able to convince him and others that the
