9-s.viLj UN E22,i9oi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
495
engravings. It was said that some sand pu
ma letter, which fell out and was not re
placed, led in one instance to its detection
borne foreign correspondents used to write
on the outside of their letters "Not to be
grahamed." JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.
Togodfrey.The dates do not suit the pro posed theory, for we are confused between uncle and nephew. It seems that the fatality at Namur occurred in 1695 ; the play cited m evidence is dated 1685 ; and the murder
L i E< B ' Godf . rev took P lace in 1678/9 : so the dates are against Lord Macaulay
A. H.
With reference to MR. W. T. LYNN'S query as to the word guillotin not being used as a verb, in Spiers's ' French-English Dictionary will be found " Guillotiner, v.a., to guillotine to guillotin "; in the English-French section,
Guillotin, v.a., guillotiner."
ANDREW OLIVER.
Dr. Guillotin certainly did not invent the instrument which was called after his name for, besides the "Maiden" used long before in Scotland, which is said to have been a death-doer of the same kind, there was the mannaia of Italy, of which I have two very curious painted representations in a MS. Neapolitan diary of the fifteenth century one of the machine at rest (under date 10 December, 1486), and the other of the machine in action, the culprit kneeling, and the executioner standing with his axe raised ready to cut the cord, under date 12 August, 1494. In that dialect, as shown in the MS., it was called mannara. ALDENHAM.
COMTESSE DE SEGUR (9 th S. vii. 427). A life of the Comtesse de Segur was published by her son the Marquis de Se'gur, and was in print during the eighties. I also well recol- lect reading a short biographical memoir brought out after her death by another son, Monsignor Gaston de Segur. The publishers were Tolra & Haton, Paris.
JEROME POLL ARD-URQUH ART, O.S.B.
ENGLISH REPRESENTATIVE AT THE FUNERAL OF ALEXANDER I. (9 th S. vii. 447). The Duke of Wellington attended this funeral 18 March, 1826. HERBERT MAXWELL.
[Many replies are acknowledged.]
A WALTON RELIC (9 th S. vii. 188, 410). Among the numerous Andersons that flourished in Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the neighbourhood during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries I cannot find one that bore the initials ,7, D, The supposed hero
of the " Fish and the Ring " story was
V rancis, second son of Henry Anderson, who
was three times Mayor of Newcastle and one
of the representatives of the town in Parlia-
ment from 1529 to 1536. Francis himself
became Sheriff of Newcastle in 1560, was a
merchant and alderman, but attained to no
higher honours, and died before 1571. His
father, dying in 1559, bequeathed to him the
family dwelling-house at the end of the
Great Bridge of Tyne, over the parapet of
which bridge the ring is said to have dropped.
<9o. e Account of the legend makes the hero
bir Francis Anderson, but there was no Sir Francis till the beginning of the Civil War, nearly a hundred years later. " J. D. Anderson, 1646," cannot, I think, have been a Northumberland or Durham man.
RICHARD WELFORD.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
CROSIER AND PASTORAL STAFF (9 th S. vii. 387). With all due deference to J. T. F., I submit that the terms "crosier" and " pastoral staff" do not represent the same thing. Pugin, Bloxam, Boutell, Marriott, and Lee no mean authorities on matters of ecclesiastical ritual each and all support my view.
1. In the 'Glossary of Ecclesiastical Orna- ment and Costume' (London, 1844), by the late Mr. A. Welby Pugin, the crosier is described as
' a cross on a staff, borne by an archbishop. This las been often confounded by modern writers with he pastoral staff of a bishop, which is quite dis- imilar, being made in the form of a crook."
2. Bloxam ('Companion to the Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture,' Lon- don, 1882) speaks of the crosier as "differing "rom the pastoral staff of a bishop in being
urmounted by a cross instead of a crook."
3. Boutell (article 'Cross' in the 'Ency- lopsedia Britannica,' ninth edition, Edin- rargh, 1877) says that the crosier is
'the title given to the official staff of an arch- Bishop, which has a cross-head, and so is distin- uished from the ' pastoral staff' of bishops and bbots, the head of which is curved and resembles hat of a shepherd's crook."
Again, in the sixth edition of his book English Heraldry ' (London, 1899) he refers o the crosier as " the cross-staff of an arch- )ishop ; distinguished by its form from the >astoral staff, with a crook-head, of bishops."
4. Marriott (* Vestiarium Christianum,' Lon- on, 1868) speaks of the staff as "a distinc- ive mark of a bishop," and of the cross as
somewhat resembling the later crosier of n archbishop."
5. Dr. Frederick George Lee, F.S.A. the well-known editor of the 'Directorium Angli-
