9* s. vm. AUG. 3, i9oi.i NOTES AND QUERIES.
113
Lord Sandwich, the admiral, was blown up in his
ship with eight hundred of his men, though the
Dutch were defeated and were pursued to the coast
of Holland by the English fleet. If this story be
correct and some may be tempted to say ' Credat
Judieus ' the voice of the cannon must have
travelled a distance of over 120 miles, Southwold
[where the battle took place] being at the mouth
of the Blythe, twenty-eight miles north-east of
Ipswich. In 1827, during the battle of Navarino,
Mr. John Vere Isham, then quartered at Corfu,
distinctly heard the firing at a distance of at least
200 miles ; and on the naval reception of the Sultan
by the Queen at Portsmouth, the sound of guns
discharged on the Welsh coast was plainly dis-
tinguished at Portsmouth."
JOHN T. PAGE.
ALUM (9 th S. viii. 45). Alum stone is said to have been found at Tolfa by John di Castro about A.D. 1460. After John di Castro's discovery the manufacture and sale were carried on for a considerable period by the Holy See, importation from Turkey and elsewhere being prohibited by Pius II. and several of his successors. Christians who did not purchase direct from Rome were threatened with excommunication, and the same procedure was adopted against those engaged in the manufacture of alum outside the Pope's temporal jurisdiction, in order to compel them to close their works. At the same time great care seems to have been taken to prevent foreigners from acquiring a knowledge of the process of boiling alum.
This monopoly caused such an injury to trade, owing to the high prices charged, that the Council of Inquiry held at Bruges in 1504 by Philip the Fair opened up negotia- tions with the intention of obtaining supplies from Turkey (from which country alum had been obtained in large quantities previous to 1460) ; but Julius II., who then occupied the Pontifical chair, threatened the Council with excommunication, consequently the negotia- tions fell through.
For a full description of the means taken to obtain and preserve this monopoly, see Beckmann's 'History of Inventions,' vol. i. (London, H. G. Bohn, 1846).
ALBERT GOUGH.
Glandore Gardens, Antrim Road, Belfast.
THE SURNAME KEMP (9 th S. vii. 427). The Latin campus has passed with its original meaning of "field" into French (as champ}, as well as into Old English, Frisian, and Low German. Here it formerly denoted an enclosed piece of land not belonging to the community, but to a single owner, but in Westphalia at least it signifies nowadays simply a field. "Hei is op en Kamp" = he is working in his field. There are still place-
names extant formed with camp, Kamp, also
with change into High German Kampf(en\
Kampf(en\ e.g., Heidekamp in Holstein, the
town of Kampen in Holland ; but especially
numerous are the Westphalian surnames
compounded with it, so much so that such
a name gives you a clue as to the origin of
the family. Such are Kamp, Kamp, Kemp,
Kempf, Te Kampe (comp. the English Atte
Camp), Kampe, Von dern Kampe, Van Kampen,
latinized a Kempis (Thomas a Kempis) ; from
what grows on it, Has(s)elkamp, Berken-,
Wede-, Distel- kamp; from animals, Hasen-,
Kreien-, Uhlen- kamp; from what is built
thereon or connected with it, Briiggen-,
Kotten-, Miihlen-, Pohl-, Wasser- kamp; from
size and situation, Hof-, Ho-, Korten-,
Langen-, Ost-, West- kamp. Derivatives
are Kamper, Kemper, i.e., one who lives in
a "Kamp"; there are Holt-, Lehm-, Roggen-,
Kies-, Strot- (=strasse), Slid- kemper. Com-
pounds with Kamp are Kampmann, Kamp(f)-
meyer, Kamineyer, Kampf- miiller, -schulte,
-wirt, -franz. These and the forms "De
Campo," " De Cainpis," " Atte Camp," abund-
antly show that the surname under con-
sideration has reference to the place of abode
only, not to the other meaning of " campus,"
as the place where battles and fights took
place (see Albert Heintze, 'Die deutschen
Familien-Namen,' &c., Halle a. S., 1882).
DR. G. KRUEGER. Berlin.
THE CARSON'S NOSE (8 th S. x. 496; xi. 33, 92 ; xii. 58). Remembering the query about the above term, it occurred to me that the following verse of a comic song which was lately brought to my notice might prove of interest to your readers :
They all had a 'tater
Out of my dish for luck ;
They upset all my gravy,
Somebody collared the duck,
And back the pudding they threw at me
And ruined my Sunday clothes,
And all they left was a lump of the dish
And a bit 01 the parson's nose.
CHAS. A. BERNAU. Selwood, Churchfields, Weybridge.
QUOTATIONS (9 th S. vi. 489 ; vii. 74, 170, 497).' Classical and Foreign Quotations ' attributes "Les amis, ces parents que Ton se fait soi-meme," to Emile Deschamps. The authorship is, however, considered doubtful. Two other quotations containing similar ideas are also given. " Un livre est un ami qui ne trompe jamais " is attributed in 'The New Dictionary of Foreign Ph rases,' published last year, to Guilbert de Pixere- court. ' Classical and Foreign Quotations '
