idevada Ofers essentinantsson and in I, page 164, note. As far as the writer knows, but one tribe of Indians had a name for the Cascade Range as such. The Klamath Indians called it the Yamakiasham Yaina, literally "mountains of the northern people." Cascade Range is the official form of name adopted by the USBGN and the feature to which it applies extends from Canada to the gap south of Lassen Peak in California. The Cascade Range is primarily volcanic in character and particularly in Oregon and in northern California its crest is made up of the remnants of a series of giant volcanoes. The Cascade Range differs essentially in construction and in origin from the Sierra Nevada of California and there is no connection between the . two. The highest point in the Cascade Range in Oregon is Mount Hood, 11,245 feet, and the lowest pass is the gorge of the Columbia River. The important routes of travel through the Cascade Range in Oregon include the Columbia River Highway at water level, and the Mount Hood Loop Highway, which in certain sections follows closely the Barlow Road, and which has a maximum elevation of 4673 feet where it goes through Bennett Pass on a spur east from the main range. The elevation of the roadway at Barlow Pass is 4157 feet. The Wapinitia Highway goes through Wapinitia Pass at an elevation of 3949 feet, but this highway also crosses a higher spur east of the main divide, at Blue Box Pass, elevation 4026 feet. Santiam Highway goes through the north part of Santiam Pass, in the vicinity of what was once called Hogg Pass, at an elevation of 4816 feet. The old Santiam toll road goes through Santiam Pass about three miles south of Santiam Highway at an elevation of 4773 feet, but here again the road reaches higher ground two miles east of the main divide at an elevation of 4774 feet. McKenzie Highway, all paved, takes the place of the McKenzie toll road. Its maximum elevation is 5325 feet. The next highway to the south is the Willamette, which goes through Pengra Pass just west of Odell Lake. The old Oregon Central Military Road goes through Willamette Pass west of Summit Lake at an elevation of about 5600 feet. The Diamond Lake Highway crosses through a pass north of Crater Lake at an elevation of about 5920 feet. Crater Lake Highway has a summit elevation of about 6200 feet, west of Annie Spring. The highest point on the Green Springs Highway between Ashland and Klamath Falls is about 4700 feet at Hayden Pass. The backbone of the Cascade Range and most of the foothills have been accurately mapped by the USGS from Columbia River to a point just south of Crater Lake National Park. This work was started nearly 40 years ago. Much progress has been made during the past 15 years and as a result the table of peak elevations in Oregon printed below is probably not subject to much change: CK menn ......... Mount Hood Olallie Butte ..................... Mount Jefferson ........ Three Fingered Jack Mount Washington Belknap Crater .... Black Crater North Sister Middle Sister ......... South Sister ..............11,245 feet ..................................... 7,210 " ................... 10,495 .............. 7.848 " ................................ 7,802 .............. 6,877 ............ 7,260 ................ 10,094 .10,053 " ................. 10,354 "
