For information about the discovery of the lake and the various names, see Mazama, volume I, number 2. For information about Mount Mazama, see under that heading. For particulars about the unveiling of the tablet in memory of J. W. Hillman, see the Oregonian, September 21, 1925, page 1 and editorial. Crater Lake National Park was created by an act of Congress May 22, 1902, and embraces about 250 square miles of land and water. The lake may be reached by highway from Medford, Fort Klamath, or Bend. The USGS publishes a contoured map of the Crater Lake National Park, and the National Park Service issues maps and other valuable information. For many years the most comprehensive story of the park and its geology was that in USGS Professional Paper 3, Geology and Petrography of Crater Lake National Park, by Diller and Patton, Washingon, 1902. In recent years there has been a demand for an appraisal of the older theories about the origin of the lake and for a popular account of the business. The latter need has been met by the publication of Crater Lake, the Story of its origin, by Howel Williams of the University of California, Berkeley, 1941. This volume, full of interest and well illustrated, has been followed by Geology of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, also by Williams, published by the Carnegie Institution at Washington, 1942. This is a more formal publication of great scientific importance. Crater Lake is one of nature's marvels. It is more in the nature of a scenic wonder than any. thing else the writer has ever seen. Oddly enough it is not a real crater lake at all, because it occupies a caldera far larger than the crater of the original mountain. Crater Lake has been the subject of so much writing and is so well known to the public that the writer does not feel it necessary to elaborate. There are, however, two illusions about the lake that should be dispelled. The lake does freeze over, contrary to popular belief. Also many people discuss the possibility of underground outlets from Crater Lake. It is doubtful if there are any. The lake receives almost its entire supply direct from precipitation, as the drainage area is but a little larger than the lake. It is fairly certain that evaporation accounts for all of the outgo from the lake, without allowance for underground flow.
CRATER PEAK, Crater Lake National Park, Klamath County. This peak was named by engineers of the U. S. Geological Survey because of the extinct crater in its summit. It has an elevation of 7265 feet.
CRATER Rock, Clackamas and Hood River counties. Crater Rock is a well-known point on the south slope of Mount Hood. It was so named because of the smouldering crater on its north side, between the rock and the slope of the mountain. Crater Rock was once near the central axis of the mountain, but the preponderance of precipitation on the southwest slope of Mount Hood has resulted in the slope wearing away more rapidly than the other sides, which has caused the summit to be shifted gradually northeast.
CRATES POINT, Wasco County. This is a conspicuous promontory west of The Dalles, around the toe of which flows the Columbia River, changing course from north to west. It is part of the east portal of Columbia River Gorge. A nearby railroad station is known as Crates. These features were named for Edward Crate, a French-Canadian who came to Oregon as an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1838. He was born in Canada about 1821. He is reported to have been one of
