Page:Oregon Historical Quarterly volume 11.djvu/50

44 Frederick V. Holman very numerous. Wappatoo Inlet [Willamette Slough] extends 300 yards wide, for ten or twelve miles to the south, as far as the hills, near which it receives the waters of a small creek [probably Scappoose Creek], whose sources are not far from those of the Killamuck River. On that creek reside the Clack- star nation, a numerous people of 1200 souls, who subsist on fish and wappatoo, and whoi trade by means of the Killamuck River with the nation of that name on the Seacoast. Lower down the Inlet, toward the Columbia, is the tribe called Cath- lacumup. On the sluice which connects the Inlet with the Multnomah are the tribes Cathlanahquiah and Cathlacomatup ; on Wappatoo Island, the tribes of Clannahminamun and Clahnaquah. Immediately opposite, near the Towahnahiooks [i. e., an Indian tribe living on the Cahwahnahiooks or Cath- lapotle or Cathlapootle River, now called Lewis River] are the Quathlapotles ; higher up on this side of the Columbia [north side] the Shotos. All these tribes, as well as the Cath- lahaws, who live somewhat lower on the river, and have an old village on Deer Island, may be considered as parts of the great Multnomah nation, which has its principal residence on Wappatoo Island, near the mouth of the large river to which they give their name All the tribes in the neigh- borhood of Wappatoo Island we have considered as Multno- mahs — not because they are in any degree subordinate to that nation, but as they all seem to regard the Multnomahs as most powerful. There is no distinguished chief, except the one at the head of the Multnomahs; and they are, moreover, linked by a similarity of dress, manners, and language, which, much more than the feeble restraints of Indian government, con- tribute to make one people. These circumstances also sep- arate them from nations lower down the river." ("Biddle edi- tion," Vol. 2, pages 226 and 227; "Coues' edition," Vol. 3, pages 931-933.) For comparison see "Original Journals," Vol. 4, pages 216, 222, 238; Vol. 6, pages 116 and 117. The aggregate number of Indians composing these tribes, as estimated by Lewis and Clark, was 5490, of which the