the form of the Phoenician gold standard, which we found above was employed by the Carthaginians both in Sicily and Africa; in other words it may be maintained that the Gauls followed the standard on which the Phocaeans of Massalia struck their silver coinage. As, however, the coins of Massalia were drachms of about 55 grains the probability is not very high that the Gauls had no gold standard of their own for gold until they got one from the silver of Marseilles.
The Teutonic tribes who likewise issued imitations of the Philippus also followed a standard of 120 grs. for coins, from which it is likely that they as well as the Gauls employed a unit of 120 grs. for gold before they ever began to strike money.
We have now taken a survey of the most ancient gold standards we can find throughout the wide regions through which the common system of weights of after years prevailed, extending in our range from the heart of Asia to the shores of the Atlantic.
Our results will best be seen in the following table:
Grains.
Egyptian gold ring standard 127
Mycenaean 130-5
Homeric talent (or "Ox-unit") 130-5
Attic gold stater (the sole standard for gold) 135
Thasos 135
Rhodes 135
Cyzicus 130
Hebrew standard 130
Persian Daric 130
Macedonian stater 135
Bactrian stater 130-2
Indian standard (7th cent. A.D.) 140
Phoenician gold unit (double) 260
Carthaginian 120
Sicily and Lower Italy 130-5
Etruscan 130-5
Gaulish unit 120
German 120
