de Perthes, etc. The investigation was begun on the 28th March 1865, and continued without interruption to the 19th June 1880, at an expense of £1963. (Brit. Ass. Report, 1883, p. 556.)
Three distinct strata were detected in the cave in addition to two sheets of stalagmite:—
(1) The surface was composed of dark earth containing mediæval remains, Roman pottery, and objects of iron, bronze, and stone, showing that the cave had been inhabited by man during Neolithic times.
(2) Below this was a stalagmitic floor, 1 to 3 feet thick, covering a reddish deposit known as the cave-earth, which contained a number of industrial relics made of stone, bone, and horn. Among the former were tongue-shaped, ovoid, and triangular tools of flint, together with worked flakes, scrapers, and cores of the same material; also a few hammerstones, one of sandstone being shaped like a cheese (Pl. X., No. 26).
Of bone there were pins, awls, barbed harpoons, and a neatly formed needle (Nos. 11-14 and 31). From the style of workmanship of these objects, especially the harpoons and needle, there can be little doubt that this cave had been occupied by Man as late as the early Magdalénien epoch. A few of the flint implements (Nos. 28-30) may, however, be paralleled with Moustérien types thus indicating a long period of human habitation. In addition to these relics the cave-earth contained, according to Pengelly, remains of the following animals:—
