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THE PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW.

motor reaction. Yet I think its directive agency does tell in making results to be somewhat other than they would have been, and thus gradually moulding character and environment, and the heredity of those who shall come after. Moreover, the effect upon the inner character may be more rapid than upon the apparent character and the environment: for if there be a certain element of earnestness, making the inner results fairly constant as to direction, these results should tend to accumulate proportionally to the number of occasions, while the effects of environment upon the inner character would be more conflicting and so would follow more nearly the law of the square root. Thus, though development has taken the place of sudden creation in our new world, it may still be that we do, little by little, create our own characters, and not merely the character of the race.

J. E. Oliver.

Cornell University.