the vortices accounts for induced currents, is supported by the opinion of Professor W. Thomson[1]. In fact the whole theory of molecular vortices developed in this paper has been suggested to me by observing the direction in which those investigators who study the action of media are looking for the explanation of electro-magnetic phenomena.
Professor Thomson has pointed out that the cause of the magnetic action on light must be a real rotation going on in the magnetic field. A right-handed circularly polarized ray of light is found to travel with a different velocity according as it passes from north to south, or from south to north, along a line of magnetic force. Now, whatever theory we adopt about the direction of vibrations in plane-polarized light, the geometrical arrangement of the parts of the medium during the passage of a right-handed circularly polarized ray is exactly the same whether the ray is moving north or south. The only difference is, that the particles describe their circles in opposite directions. Since, therefore, the configuration is the same in the two cases, the forces acting between particles must be the same in both, and the motions due to these forces must be equal in velocity if the medium was originally at rest; but if the medium be in a state of rotation, either as a whole or in molecular vortices, the circular vibrations of light may differ in velocity according as their direction is similar or contrary to that of the vortices.
We have now to investigate whether the hypothesis developed in this paper — that magnetic force is due to the centrifugal force of small vortices, and that these vortices consist of the same matter the vibrations of which constitute light — leads to any conclusions as to the effect of magnetism on polarized light. We suppose transverse vibrations to be transmitted through a magnetized medium. How will the propagation of these vibrations be affected by the circumstance that portions of that medium are in a state of rotation?
In the following investigation, I have found that the only effect which the rotation of the vortices will have on the light will be to make the plane of polarization rotate in the same direction as the vortices, through an angle proportional —
(A) to the thickness of the substance,
(B) to the resolved part of the magnetic force parallel to the ray,
(C) to the index of refraction of the ray,
(D) inversely to the square of the wave-length in air,
(E) to the mean radius of the vortices,
(F) to the capacity for magnetic induction.
- ↑ See Nichol's Cyclopadia, art. "Magnetism, Dynamical Relations of," edition 1860; Proceedings of Royal Society, June 1856 and June 1861; and Phil. Mag. 1857.
