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POLITICAL HISTORY OF PARTHIA

Museum of which not even English translations are available:

From this we learn that the Elamites made incursions in the neighborhood of the Tigris. Pilinussu, the general in Akkad, apparently carried on operations against another general, and seems to have gone to the cities of the Medes before Bāgā-asā [an Iranian name], the brother of the king. A man named Teʾudišī [Theodosius] also seems to have opposed the general in Akkad. Yet another inscription of the same period states that Tiʾimūṭušu [Timotheus], son of Aspasinē, went from Babylon to Seleucia (on the Tigris). …[1]

Mithradates II, son and successor of Artabanus, ascended the throne about 123 b.c. As in the case of his illustrious predecessor of the same name, his reign was important, and eventually he was called "the Great."[2] His first task was the reduction of Babylonia and the defeat of the Characenean ruler; bronze coins of Hyspaosines overstruck with the titles and portrait of Mithradates in 121/20 b.c. furnish proof that this was accomplished.[3]

How much of eastern Parthia remained in the hands of the Sacae we do not know. Perhaps by this date the main force of the westward movement had been spent and the bulk of the invaders had turned southward.[4]

  1. Pinches, The Old Testament (2d. ed.), p. 483. The words in brackets are my own.
  2. Trog. Pomp. xlii; Justin xlii. 2. 3.
  3. Newell, Mithradates of Parthia and Hyspaosines of Characene, pp. 11 f.
  4. Tarn, "Sel.-Parth. Studies," Proc. Brit. Acad., XVI (1930), 116–19, believes that the Chinese sources prove the Parthians were in possession