spruce from Puget's Sound, of known age, or nearly fifteen years old. The section was twelve inches in length, and on one end had eighteen rings and on the other end had only twelve. Commissioner Loring expresses the opinion that "this settled the question, that rings at all times could not be relied upon as an index of the age of trees."
Hon. J. T. Allan, of Omaha, superintendent of tree-planting for the Union Pacific Railroad Company, in a recent letter says: "Any intelligent man, who has given any attention to this matter of yearly tree-growth, knows that the rings are no index of a tree's age. H. P. Child, superintendent of the Kansas City stock-yards, shows me a section of pine eight years old, with nineteen rings, and a soft maple of nearly fourteen years, with sixteen very distinct rings, in addition to which there are forty-seven less distinct sub-rings."
In conclusion, that the more distinct concentric rings of a tree approximate, or in some cases exactly agree, in number with the years of the tree, no one, I presume, will deny; but that in most and probably nearly all trees, intermediate rings or sub-rings, generally less conspicuous, yet often more distinct than the annual rings, exist, is equally certain: and I think the foregoing evidence is sufficient to induce those who prefer truth to error to examine the facts of the case.
These sub-rings or additional rings are easily accounted for by sudden and more or less frequent changes of weather and requisite conditions of growth each check tending to solidify the newly-deposited cambium, or forming layer; and, as long intervals occur of extreme drought or cold, or other unfavorable cause, the condensation produces a more pronounced and distinct ring than the annual one. Query: Has a tree grown in a conservatory, or place of unchanged conditions of heat and moisture, any concentric rings?
