reporter, Count du Moncel, a prize of 3,000 francs has been awarded for it to M. Gramme; while the manager of the "Alliance Company," M. Joseph Van Malderen, who superintended its manufacture, has had awarded to him a gold medal. In his report, Count du Moncel says that a machine 1.25 metre in height, 0.8 metre long, and the same in width, driven by a 4-horse engine, gave a light equal to 900 carcel-lamps. It also heated to redness two juxtaposed copper wires 12 metres long and 0.7 m.m. diameter, and fused an iron wire 2.5 metres long and 1.3 m.m. thick.
The constancy of direction of the electric current generated by this machine is, however, not of so great an importance for the electric light as for other purposes for which it may be used. Indeed, the electric light is by many electricians thought to be superior when produced by a magneto-electric machine of the old form without any commutator. The alternate reversal of the currents of electricity produces no flickering or irregularity in the arc of light, as they occur far too quickly to be appreciated by the eye, while the rapid reversal of the direction causes the carbons to wear away with great regularity, thus enabling the point of light to be kept more easily in the focus.
For the electro-deposition of metals—copper, silver, etc.—constancy of direction of current is indispensable, and here the experiments show a marked superiority of the Gramme machine over other magneto-electric machines.
In the galvanoplastic works of M. Christofle, of Paris, where experiments have been going on for more than a year, it is found that the best machine hitherto known, when moved with a velocity of 2,400 revolutions per minute, only deposits 170 grammes of silver per hour; while a smaller Gramme machine moved with a velocity of 300 revolutions per minute deposits 200 grammes of silver per hour; the temperature of the annular armature not exceeding 50° C, with a velocity of 275 revolutions, no elevation of temperature is experienced. It will be easily comprehended how strongly this result, obtained with a speed of rotation eight times less than hitherto required, speaks in favor of M. Gramme's invention. Usually at M. Christofle's the circuits are arranged to deposit 600 grammes of silver per hour, and the manager of the factory finds that the deposition with this machine takes place with a regularity and constancy which leaves nothing to be desired, and which cannot be obtained by using any other source of electricity.
Recently, the electric light generated by a Gramme machine has been exhibited on the Victoria Tower of the Houses of Parliament. The machine is placed in the vaults of the House of Commons, near to the boilers, and is worked by a small engine, which was already there, and was convenient for the purpose. From the machine two copper wires, half an inch diameter, are led along the vaults to the base of the clock-tower, and thence upward to the signalling-point, a total length of nearly 900 feet, being about three times the distance that an
