took such shape that the Institute thought it advisable to increase Its scientific force, and so in 1866 it called to Salem four of the students mentioned in the opening paragraph—Packard, Putnam, Morse, and Hyatt—as curators of the Institute collections. These plans, however, took a different turn from that expected by some, and the result was an independent institution, the Peabody Academy of Science, with an endowment of $140,000. The Institute turned over its collections to the new corporation, and with them went the four curators. They retained their connections with the Academy for varying lengths of time. Prof. Hyatt was the first to leave, as he was offered the position of custodian of the Boston Society of Natural History. Prof. Morse left next, and went to Bowdoin College as Professor of Zoölogy. Prof. Putnam, in 1876, was appointed Curator of the Peabody Museum of Archæology and Ethnology at Cambridge, another institution which owed its existence to the liberality of Mr. Peabody. Dr. Packard retained his connection with the Peabody Academy of Science until 1878, when he resigned to accept the professorship of Zoölogy and Geology in Brown University, a position which he holds to the present time.
These twelve years at Salem were prolific. in work, only a small fraction of which can be noticed. Possibly the most important service done American science was the foundation of the "American Naturalist," a popular magazine of natural history, by Messrs. Packard, Morse, Hyatt, and Putnam, in 1867. With this journal Dr. Packard was connected, a part of the time as sole editor, for twenty years, only severing his connection with it in the beginning of the year 1887. It is difficult to overestimate the value of Dr. Packard's editorial labors, and it is certainly safe to say that if we consider this point alone no one has done more to shape American zoölogical science than he. Dr. Packard, however, did other work. He had continually several irons in the fire. Entomology was his chosen field, and, perceiving the lack of any manual for students in this department of science, he published in 1869 the first edition of his well-known "Guide to the Study of Insects," a volume which to this day is without a rival. It may be said, parenthetically, that Dr. Packard is now engaged in completely rewriting this work so that it may adequately represent the entomological science of the present time. The same years also witnessed the publication of various systematic and embryological papers, the principal one of which was an account of the development of that ancient form, the horseshoe crab.
The old spirit of exploration was not extinct. Scarcely a year passed without a trip to some point near or remote, the features of which he wished to study. In the winter of 1869-'70 he vis-
