The statistics disclose the very gratifying fact that in ten years the general death rate has decreased from 19.6 per thousand to 17.8. This remarkable decrease is in the cities, where the rate has fallen from 21 in 1890 to 18.6 last year. The rate in the country has been about stationary, having been 15.3 in 1890 and 15.4 in 1900. This extraordinary decrease in the death rate of cities has been due chiefly to improved hygienic conditions. In the country a corresponding gain has not occurred. We may perhaps look for it in the course of the next ten years, though there is of course less room for improvement. New York City has one of the best records of progress, its death rate having decreased in ten years from 25.3 to 20.4, making the city in spite of its crowded tenement districts as healthful as Boston and decidedly more healthful than Philadelphia, in which city the death rate has remained practically stationary. But there is room for further progress in our eastern cities. Chicago has a death rate of only 16.2, and nearly all the cities of the northern and central States have a low death rate, Minneapolis and St. Paul, for example, having the incredibly low rates of 10.8 and 9.7, respectively. The most unfavorable conditions are in the south, the death rate of New Orleans, for example, being 28.9, an increase since 1890; and that of Charleston, 37.5. about the same as ten years ago. Almost as interesting as the decrease in the death rate is the decrease due to certain special diseases. The following table deserves to be quoted in full. It shows the death rate due to certain diseases per hundred thousand of population in the registration area in 1900 and 1890 together with the increase or decrease in the-rate.
This table shows that consumption is no longer the most fatal of diseases, pneumonia having taken its place. Deaths from consumption have decreased over 20 per cent., while a
| Causes. | Death Rate | Increase | Decrease | |
| 1900. | 1890. | |||
| Consumption | 190.5 | 245.4 | 54.9 | |
| Debility, atrophy | 45.5 | 88.6 | 43.1 | |
| Diphtheria | 35.4 | 70.1 | 34.7 | |
| Cholera infantum | 47.8 | 79.7 | 31.9 | |
| Bronchitis | 48.3 | 74.4 | 26.1 | |
| Convulsions | 33.1 | 56.3 | 23.2 | |
| Diarrhœal diseases | 85.1 | 104.1 | 19.0 | |
| Croup | 9.8 | 27.6 | 17.8 | |
| Typhoid fever | 33.8 | 46.3 | 12.5 | |
| Dis. of the brain | 18.6 | 30.9 | 12.3 | |
| Malarial fever | 8.8 | 19.2 | 10.4 | |
| Unknown cause | 16.8 | 24.6 | 7.8 | |
| Inflammation of the brain and meningitis | 41.8 | 49.1 | 7.3 | |
| Hydrocephalus | 11.0 | 15.4 | 4.4 | |
| Dropsy | 6.9 | 10.3 | 3.4 | |
| Whooping cough | 12.7 | 15.8 | 3.1 | |
| Paralysis | 32.8 | 35.5 | 2.7 | |
| Scarlet fever | 11.5 | 13.6 | 2.1 | |
| Septicæmia | 10.0 | 7.7 | 2.3 | |
| Diabetes | 9.4 | 7.5 | 3.9 | |
| Pneumonia | 191.9 | 186.9 | 5.0 | |
| Premature birth | 33.7 | 25.2 | 8.5 | |
| Old Age | 54.0 | 44.9 | 9.1 | |
| Cancer | 60.0 | 47.9 | 12.1 | |
| Heart disease | 134.0 | 121.8 | 12.2 | |
| Apoplexy | 66.6 | 49.0 | 17.6 | |
| Influenza | 23.9 | 6.2 | 17.7 | |
| Dis. of the kidney | 83.7 | 59.7 | 24.0 | |
greater relative decrease is recorded in the case of diphtheria and other diseases. The diseases that show an increase are chiefly those incident to advanced age, death from old age itself showing an increase of 20 per cent.
ARCTIC EXPLORATION.
The steamship Erik has returned, bringing welcome news of Lieutenant Peary. It appears that he has succeeded in rounding the limit of the Greenland Archipelago, probably the most northern land, and has reached the highest altitude yet attained in the western hemisphere (83° 50'). Mr. Robert Stein and Mr. Samuel Warmbath were picked up by the Windward, but there is no news regarding Captain Sverdrup. During the present autumn Lieutenant Peary expects to make explorations and in the spring of next year again to make the attempt to pro-
