92
POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.
Sir William Ramsay.
than the substitute. Very large prizes, say $50,000 each, for the best scientific work of the year, given often to young men, would more directly stimulate research and would be more useful to the recipients than prizes given for general eminence.
The prizes in the sciences have been awarded as follows:
| Physics. | Chemistry. | Medicine. | |
| 1901. | Rontgen. | Van't Hoff. | Behring. |
| 1902. | Lorentz and Zeeman. | Fischer. | Ross. |
| 1903. | Becquerel, M. and Mme. Curie. | Arrhenius. | Finsen. |
| 1904. | Rayleigh. | Ramsay. | Pavlov. |
The prizes have gone three times to England and to Germany; twice to Holland (though Van't Hoff is now in
