56
to tie, and as a noun, a hole, also bangles, from their circular shape, a discus, a conch, vaḷaiyam[1] a tank, a hoop, vaṭṭil[2], a basket, a tray, a cup, vaṭṭam[3], a circle, a bull roarer, a shield, a tank, all named from the shape, vaṭtaṇai[4], a circle, a cymbal, vaṭṭu[5], a spheroidal pawn used in gambling, vaṇaṅgu[6], to bow, to adore, vaṇar[7], an arched roof, vaṇḍu,[8] a beetle that wheels round and round, vaḷi[9], whirlwind, vaḷḷam[10], a round eating tray, vaḷḷi[11], a bracelet. From early times the people were familiar with a cart and named its various parts. Achchu[12], the axle tree, āṇi[13] (a word found also in the Rig Veda), iruśu,[14] kandu[15], axle pin, uruḷai[16], uṇḍai[17], kāl[18], wheel, ār[19], spokes śūḍu[20], tyre, kuṛaḍu[21] hub, etc. All parts of the cart were heavily carved.[22] The carts were used more for purposes of trade than for travel. Kings and noblemen used a tēr, car, as already described. The main streets of a city and the roads intended for travel by royal cars were broad. The cars were dragged by bulls, elephants, and in later times by horses. Kings and noblemen also travelled in palanquins, pallakku[23], aṇigam[24], taṇḍigai[25]; those with gems embedded on them were called kañjigai[26]. Transport on water was by means of boats of several kinds and made in several ways, kappal[27], ōḍam[28], ambi[29], tōṇi[30], teppam[31], pariśal[32], paḍagu[33], kalam[34], uḍubam[35], kōlam[36], toḷḷam[37], pagaḍu[38], paḍuvai[39], paṭṭi[40], puruvai[41], puṇai[42], midavai[43], vaḷḷam[44], timil[45]. It needs scarcely be added that the heads of boats were carved in the shape of the face of lions, elephants, horses, etc., and they were called in later times arimugavambi[46], karimugavambi[47], kudiraimugavambi[48] respectively. Boats were made in several ways; thus teppam was a float made of logs bound together, timil, a catamaran for fishing, tōṇi, a wicker work construction covered with hide, valam, a dugout, paḍagu, kappal, sailing boats and ōḍam, one rowed with oars. Sailing boats were furnished with kūmbu[49], mast and pāy[50], idai[51], sails.
Many words were used to indicate a ship: ambi,[52] ōñgal,[53] kalam,[54] śadā,[55] sōṇgu,[56] timil,[57] toḷḷai,[58] tōṇi,[59] navvu,[60] pāḥri,[61] pādai,[62] pāradi[63], pāṛu[64], puṇai[65], pōdam[66], madalai[67], vaṇgam,[68] poṛi[69]. The Tamils ought to have been very familiar with boats and ships and to have constantly used them for purposes of transport by water, before they were prompted to invent nearly twenty names for it. The eastern and western coast lines were in olden days dotted with numerous ports, many of which have become useless on account of the retreat of the sea and almost all of which have become deserted by the modern developments of commercial intercourse by sea.
- ↑ வளையம்
- ↑ வட்டில்
- ↑ வட்டம்.
- ↑ வட்டணை.
- ↑ வட்டு.
- ↑ வணங்கு.
- ↑ வணர்.
- ↑ வண்டு.
- ↑ வளி.
- ↑ வள்ளம்
- ↑ வள்ளி
- ↑ அச்சு
- ↑ ஆணி
- ↑ இருசு
- ↑ கந்து
- ↑ உருளை
- ↑ உண்டை.
- ↑ கால்.
- ↑ ஆர்.
- ↑ சூடு
- ↑ குறடு.
- ↑ The wheel whose tyre went round felloes inserted in a hub on which figures were carved with a sharp chisel,.
கூருளி பொருத வடுவாழ் நோனகுறட்
டாரஞ் சூழ்ந்த வயில் வாய் நேமிSiṛupāṇāṛṛupaḍai, 252-253. - ↑ பல்லக்கு.
- ↑ அணிகம்.
- ↑ தண்டிகை.
- ↑ கஞ்சிகை
- ↑ கம்மல்.
- ↑ ஓடம்.
- ↑ அம்பி.
- ↑ தோணி.
- ↑ தெப்பம்.
- ↑ பரிசல்.
- ↑ படகு.
- ↑ கலம்.
- ↑ உடுபம்.
- ↑ கோலம்.
- ↑ தொள்ளம்.
- ↑ பகடு
- ↑ படுவை.
- ↑ பட்டி.
- ↑ புருவை.
- ↑ புணை.
- ↑ மிதவை.
- ↑ வள்ளம்.
- ↑ திமில்
- ↑ அரிமுகவம்பி
- ↑ கரிமுகவம்பி.
- ↑ குதிரைமுகவம்பி.
- ↑ கூம்பு
- ↑ பாய்.
- ↑ இதை.
- ↑ அம்பி.
- ↑ ஓங்கல்
- ↑ கலம்
- ↑ சதா
- ↑ சொங்கு
- ↑ திமில்
- ↑ தொள்ளை
- ↑ தோணி
- ↑ நவ்வு.
- ↑ பஃறி.
- ↑ பாதை
- ↑ பராதி.
- ↑ பாறு
- ↑ புணை.
- ↑ போதம்.
- ↑ மதலை.
- ↑ வங்கம்.
- ↑ பொறி.
