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Ch. XVI. Sec. II.][ Crown Grants. 389 clergy (fl) ; or that the grantee shall not be impeached of a cer- tain recognizance he may subsequently enter into [b). The King cannot, it is said, grant an annuity, for his per- son is not chargeable ; but he may if it be charged on any of his Majesty's possessions (c). Grants of exemptions having been treated of in a previous chapter {d it may be sufficient to add in this place, that the King may by grant exempt a subject from tolls in his Majes- ^^ ty's markets [e), and from impositions and charges due person- ally to himself; but not, it seems, from charges imposed by Act of Parliament for the general interests of the coun- try (/). SECT. IL How Grants from and to the King are to he effected. It is a clear rule, that, as well for the protection of the King as the security of the subject, and on account of the high consi- deration entertained by the law towards his Majesty («•), no freehold interest, franchise (/?), or liberty, &c. can be transfer- red from the Crown but by matter of record ? . This is ef- fected by letters patent under the great seal, which is a I'ecord (a) Bro. Ab. Patents, pi. 53. Y. B. 6 H. 7. 4. 9 H. 6. 62. For this, it is ad.l- ed, sounds in covenant, and against the King no writ of covenant lies, and therefore the grant is good. {b) 19 H. 6. C4. Vin. Ab.Prerog. I. c. See ante, 91, that the King cannot discharge a recognizance for the secu- rity of a subject. (c) Salk. 58. pi. 1. Freem. 331, » (rf) Ante, 20. {e) Sir W. Jones, 119. Com. Dig. Prereg. D. 33. Ante, 195. (/) Ibid. Ante, 20. 17 Vin. Ab. 150, 1. Prerog. K. c, L. c. 2 Rol. Ab. 199. Vaugh. R. 161. Sav. 52. (^) Dr. and Stud, 61, d. 8. (h) Even within the Duchy of Lan- caster, and notwithstanding the statute 3 H. 5. and 27 H. 8. c. 40, which only relate to possessions, &c. as lands there- in ; not to franchises created de novo, 2 Lutw. 1233, 1237. 17 Vin. 73. Com. Dig. Patent, C. 4. (0 2 Co. 16, b. 17 Vin. Ab. 70. Prerog. C. b. Com. Dig. tit. Patent, 2 Bla. Com. 346. Pardon must be un- der Great Seal. 1 B. and Pul. 199. Can- not convey by bargain and sale, cove- nant to stand seized or by lease and re- lease, ante, 378. Grants of ©ffices, ante, 78. aAd