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368 Readings in European History were furious and hurled the devil's ministers into the fire which had been prepared, to be tortured with the devil in eternal flames. And thus, through the grace of God and the zeal of the bishop, the growing heresy was extinguished, and the people who had been seduced and corrupted were cleansed by penance. A. Refer- ences. B. Addi- tional read- ing in English. BIBLIOGRAPHY Unfortunately the Church has received such slight attention in the manuals most commonly used that there is little in them to supplement the account given in Chapter XVI of the History of Western Europe. General Review : BEMONT and MONOD, pp. 488-502 ; EMERTON, pp. 541-555* especially good for the development of the canon law; MUNRO, pp. 169-175. Interesting examples of the formulae for excommunication and the interdict will be found in Translations and Reprints, Vol. IV, No. 4, pp. 22-33. ' CUTTS, Parish Priests and their People, 1898. LEA, Studies in Church History. Contains essays on " The Rise of Temporal Power," " Benefit of Clergy," and a very full account of " Excommunication." MAITLAND, S. M., The Dark Ages. Essays written some sixty years ago with a view of defending mediaeval thought and institutions from the aspersions of certain Protestant writers. The gloomier aspects of the subject will be found in : LEA, History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages, Vol. I, Chapter I. A startling arraignment of the vices of the mediaeval clergy, which makes no claim to describe the normal and salutary activities of the Church. JESSOPP, The Coming of the Friars. Contains several essays on the Church. Somewhat more systematic accounts of the organization and beliefs of the Church will be found in the histories of the Church mentioned above, pp. 82 sqq., especially in MILMAN, Book XIV, Chapters I-III, and in NEWMAN, pp. 449-457. C. Materials MOELLER, History of the Christian Church, Vol. II, Period II, for advanced Chapter V; Period III, Chapters II and III, with references to many study. monographs.