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APPENDIX C.

more, of all heat supplied by the boiler—is reduced nearly in proportion to the number of steam-cylinders in series.

For the applied thermodynamics of the steam-engine, following Carnot and Thomson, see the pages of Rankine and of Clausius of 1850 to 1860, and especially the treatise of Rankine on the Steam-engine. The editor has adopted the methods of these great successors of Carnot in his “Manual of the Steam-engine” (2 vols. 8vo; N. Y., J. Wiley & Sons), which may be consulted in this connection, and especially for details of the theory and the structure of this prime mover.