THE GRONINGEN SCHOOL AND
THE EMPIRICAL SCHOOL
In my opening lecture, after giving a short account of religious thought in Holland during the first quarter of the nineteenth century, I passed on to notice the religious movement known as the Réveil, which arose about the beginning of the second quarter of the century. The men of the Réveil were not at first much interested in theology as such, nor specially qualified to deal with it. But they were soon forced, by the rise about the same time of the avowedly heterodox school of Groningen, to take up a strong stand, as we have seen, for what they held to be sound doctrine, and the result of this importation of Swiss, or ultimately English or Scottish evangelicalism into Holland, was the revival of a Calvinism that was deeply rooted in the minds of the People.
In the rise of the Groningen school two
