price, unless it be weak and require an addition of stone, or require some very material alteration of shape.
Breaking stone has been reduced in price by the use of more proper hammers, and the sitting posture.
The Commissioners at Bristol used to pay fifteen pence per ton for limestone from Durdham-Down, for the use of their roads, and broken to a size above twenty ounces.—Stone is now procured from the same place, broken so as none exceed six ounces for ten-pence per ton! and the workmen are very desirous of contracts at that rate, because the heavy work is done by the men, the light work with small hammers by the wives and children, so that whole families are employed.
In Sussex, the proportion is greater between former and present prices; the breaking of flint cost at one time two shillings per ton, and is now done, by introducing a better method and fitter tools at one shilling per ton.
By a more judicious preparation and application of materials the quantity of stone consumed in roads is decreased, by which a great saving of expence is made, and with this great advantage, that the saving is in horse labour of cartage, while the labour price is given to men, and in such a manner as includes boys from the age of ten upwards, women and old men past the age of being able to labour hard. The proportion of men and horse labour in the Bristol district, under the former management, was
One-fourth to men's labour,
Three-fourths to horse labour.
Under a better system of management the proportion has been exactly reversed: during half a year that an exact account was kept, there was paid.
For men's, women and children's labour, £3088.
For horses' labour 1035.
