KAUWA-DOL
From the Gunamati monastery Hwen Thsang went southwest 20 li to the Silabhadra monastery, which was situated on an isolated hill. Following the pilgrim’s bearing and distance, we get to the vicinity of the isolated Kauwa-dol hill. At the foot of this hill, or rather a little way up a low spur at its south-east foot, are the remains of a large temple of stone with tall plain granite pillars. This temple must have been very large and complete, as there are traces of an arddha mandapa, a mandapa, a maha mandapa, an antarála, and the sanctum. The few pillars of the temple still standing form a long colonnade leading to the sanctum, the back and portions of side walls of which still exist in a ruinous condition. The cell is occupied by a colossal statue of Buddha seated on a pedestal; on either side are two smaller statues on smaller pedestals; the pedestal of one bears the usual Buddhist creed in Kutila characters.
The walls of this temple were apparently of brick. The floor of the sanctum appears to have been lower than that of the mandapa, &c. The large statue has been described by General Cunningham (Report I, page 41); he also describes the various rock sculptures.
The spot where this temple stood is tolerably level, and could well have contained other structures besides the temple.
Native tradition calls this colossal statue of Buddha an Asur, and considers it to be one of the petrified sentries of Banâsur. Wonderful indeed are the stories current of Banâsur; his gigantic size, the extent of his dominions, and his power. The whole of the ancient ruins found here, in the Barâbar hills, at Dharâwat, at Kispa, at Ner, and indeed all round for miles, are ascribed to him. A curse of some kind has converted his soldiers into stone, but he is not dead; when the course of the curse has been run, he and his people will be restored to life. I could not ascertain when or why or by whom the curse was pronounced; the people have only a vague idea that a curse does hang over him.
From the Silabhadra monastery, which I identify with the Kauwa-dol temple, Hwen Thsang went 40 or 50 li south-west to Gaya. The actual distance of the north end of Gaya from here is 12 miles; the bearing is about south-west. The only difficulty is the mention of his crossing the Nairanjana river, which, going from Kauwa-dol to Gaya, he would not have to cross. As, however, the old road to Gaya runs
