black slate are seen inside the limestone ridge east of Geo. Kaleys’ place.
Just before reaching the creek a splendid exposure of Hamilton slate and sandstone shows 100′ thick on a 30° north dip, creating a high sharp ridge. Genessee yellow fissile slate on a 10° N. W. dip makes a broad strip of valley land north of this ridge to and beyond the church, where there is a central low rounded ridge of blue, black and gray slate, marking the position of the Northumberland synclinal with converging dips 10°. These dark slates are well exposed near the old hotel, and the road west to Bannerville is almost constantly upon them. This village is situated on a small branch of Jack’s creek which drains westward into the Juniata and is the only exception to the eastward drainage in the county. The divide is about one mile east of Bannerville.
Taking the Musser valley road north from Bannerville, the yellow Geuessee slates are first seen on 40° S. E. dips, beyond which the road gradually climbs over a low Hamilton sandstone ridge to Hassinger’s place, near which there is a little Marcellus slaty green limestone exposed along the road to the south of the Oriskany sandstone ridge.
The Northumberland synclinal is again well exposed along the Spring township line, a little north of the Lutheran church, where its trough is filled with the same olive blue and black slates, creating a low ridge between the forks of Middle creek.
There are four townships lying south of the Shade mountain anticlinal between the Susquehanna and Juniata county, which will now be described.
21. Washington township in Snyder county.
Washington township lies south of Middle creek and west of Penns township, and is one of the largest and richest townships of Snyder county.
Its boundaries are somewhat irregular, being rather octagonal in shape, with an area of about 25 square miles.
Middle creek forms its principal eastern line in common with Penns township, and at the same time drains about
