In this group of reverential uncoverings, the idea that the subject presents himself naked, defenceless, poor, and miserable before his lord, seems to be dramatically expressed, and this view is borne out by the practice of stripping, or uncovering the head and feet, as a sign of mourning,[1] where there can hardly be anything but destitution and misery to be expressed.
The lowest class of salutations, which merely aim at giving pleasant bodily sensations, merge into the civilities which we see exchanged among the lower animals. Such are patting, stroking, kissing, pressing noses, blowing, sniffing, and so forth. The often described sign of pleasure or greeting of the Indians of North America, by rubbing each other's arms, breasts, and stomachs, and their own,[2] is similar to the Central African custom, of two men clasping each other's arms with both hands, and rubbing them up and down,[3] and that of stroking one's own face with another's hand or foot, in Polynesia;[4] and the pattings and slappings of the Fuegians belong to the same class. Darwin describes the way in which noses are pressed in New Zealand, with details which have escaped less accurate observers.[5] It is curious that Linnæus found the salutation by touching noses in the Lapland Alps. People did not kiss, but put noses together.[6] The Andaman Islanders salute by blowing into another's hand with a cooing murmur.[7] Charlevoix speaks of an Indian tribe on the Gulf of Mexico, who blew into one another's ears;[8] and Du Chaillu describes himself as having been blown upon in Africa.[9] Sir S. Baker describes the expression of thanks among the Kytch of the White Nile, by holding their benefactor's hand and pretending to spit upon it.[10] Natural expressions of joy,
- ↑ Micah i. 8. Ezekiel xxiv. 17. Herod, ii. 85. Rev. J. Roberts, 'Oriental Illustrations of the Sacred Scriptures,' 2nd ed. London, 1844, p. 492, etc.
- ↑ Charlevoix, vol. iii. p. 16; vol. vi. p. 189, etc.
- ↑ Burton, 'Lake Regions of Central Africa;' London, 1860, vol. ii. p. 69.
- ↑ Cook, 'Third Voy.,' vol. i. p. 179.
- ↑ Darwin, 'Journal of Res.,' etc.; London, 1860, pp. 205, 423. See W.v. Humboldt, 'Kawi-Spr.' vol. i. p. 77.
- ↑ Linnæus, 'Tour in Lapland;' London, 1811, vol. i. p. 315. See Kotzebue, 'Voyage,' vol. i. p. 192 (Esquimaux).
- ↑ Mouat, 'Andaman Islanders;' London, 1863, pp. 279–80.
- ↑ Charlevoix, vol. iii. p. 16.
- ↑ Du Chaillu, 'Equatorial Africa;' London, 1861, pp. 393, 430.
- ↑ Baker, 'Albert Nyanza;' London, 1866, vol. i. p. 72.
