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| Machine Hours | Hand Hours | |
|---|---|---|
| Barley (100 bushels) | 9 | 211 |
| Corn (50 bushels shelled, stalks, husks, and blades cut into fodder) | 34 | 228 |
| Oats (160 bushels) | 28 | 265 |
| Wheat (50 bushels) | 7 | 160 |
| Loading ore (loading 100 tons ore on cars) | 2 | 200 |
| Unloading coal (transferring 200 tons from canal-boats to bins 400 feet distant) | 20 | 240 |
| Pitchforks (50 pitchforks, 12-inch tines) | 12 | 200 |
| Plough (one landside plough, oak beams, and handles) | 3 | 118 |
According to the same authority, under the best conditions for organization in farming, labor can produce 20 bushels of wheat for 66 cents, or 1 bushel for 3 1/3 cents. This was done on a bonanza farm of 10,000 acres in California, and was the average cost of the whole product of the farm. Mr. Carroll D. Wright says that to-day 4,500,000 men, aided by machinery, turn out a product that would require the labor of 40,000,000 men if produced by hand. Professor Herzog, of Austria, says that 5,000,000 people with the machinery of to-day, employed at socially useful labor, would be able to supply a population of 20,000,000 people with all the necessaries and small luxuries of life by working 1 1/2 hours per day.
