Gerhard von Breuning.—Aus dem Schwarzspanierhause, 1874. (The Schwarzspanierhaus was the house in Vienna in which Beethoven died. It was pulled down during the winter of 1903).
Moscheles.—The Life of Beethoven, London, 2 vols. 1841.
Alexander Wheelock Thayer, and continued by Hermann Deiters, and later by Hugo Reimann.—Ludwig von Beethovens Leben (Translated into English), 5 vols., 1908. This biography was commenced in 1866, but was interrupted by the death of the author in 1897 at Trieste where he was the American Consul. The work stood still till 1816, when Deiters undertook to finish it; but he died in 1907 before he had published the second volume. Riemann finished the work from the materials left by Deiters. It is by far the most important work on Beethoven.
Ludwig Nohl.—Beethovens Leben, 4 vols., 1864-1877.
Ludwig Nohl.—Beethoven nach den Schilderungen seiner Zeitgenossen, Stuttgart.
A. B. Marz.—L. van Beethovens Leben und Schaffen, 2 vols. 5th Edition revised by G. Behncke. Berlin, 1902.
Victor Wilder.—Beethoven, sa vie et son œuvre, 1883.
