or unpleasant occurrences, arising from divine powers, men, or animals.'[1] It is frequently said of the ascetic in the last stage of his spiritual career that 'he does desire neither life nor death.'[2]
There are some more precepts in Baudhâyana which bear a close resemblance to such of the Gainas. 'With the three means of punishment, (viz.) words, thoughts, and acts, he shall not injure created beings.'[3] This is only an amplification of the first great vow (see above). 'Means of punishment' is what the Gainas call weapon (sastra[4]).
'He shall carry a cloth for straining water for the sake of purification.' 'He shall perform the necessary purifications with water which has been taken out (of a well or a tank) and has been strained.'[5] These rules are strictly observed by the Gaina monks. They also carry a cloth for straining water. The commentator Govinda explains pavitra, a cloth for straining water,' by 'a bunch of Kusa grass for removing insects from the road:[6] If Govinda be right, and had the authority of a really old tradition, which I do not doubt, we have here the Brahmanic counterpart of the broom (ragoharana or pâdaproñkhana) with which the Gaina monks sweep the road and the place where they walk or sit down, for removing insects.The outfit of a Brahmanic ascetic consists in sticks, a rope, a cloth for straining water, a water vessel, and an almsbowl:[7] The Gaina monks also carry sticks, at least now-a-days, though I remember no passage in the Pitakas expressly allowing the use of a stick. They have also a rope belonging to the alms-bowl,[8] an alms-bowl, and a water vessel.[9] Of the cloth for straining water, and the broom, we have already spoken. The filter for the mouth (mukhavastrika) remains as the only article exclusively used by the Gainas.
- ↑ Kalpa Sûtra, Lives of the Ginas, § 117, towards the end.
- ↑ E. g. Kalpa Sûtra, Rules for Yatis, § 51.
- ↑ Baudhâyana II, 6, 11, 23.
- ↑ Âkârâṅga Sûtra, p. 1, note 2.
- ↑ Baudhâyana II, 6, 11, 24, 25.
- ↑ See Professor Bühler's translation, p. 260, note.
- ↑ Baudhâyana II, 10, 17, 11.
- ↑ Âkârâṅga Sûtra, p. 67, note 3.
- ↑ Though a monk is allowed to carry a water vessel besides his alms-bowl, still it is thought more meritorious to have but one bowl.
