Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/128

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with: as, mátsy ándhasaḥ (RV.) do thou enjoy the juice; ājyasya pūrayanti (S.) they fill with butter; — with verbs meaning preceive[errata 1], note, care for, regard with feeling of various kinds: as, vásiṣṭhasya stuvatá índro açrot (RV.) Indra listened to Vasishtha who was praising him; yáthā máma smárāt (AV.) that he may think of me; tasya cukopa (MBh.) he was angry at him.

  1. Correction: preceive should be amended to perceive: detail

c. A genitive of more doubtful character, with verbs meaning rule or have authority: as, tvám īçiṣe vásūnām (RV.) thou art lord of good things; yáthā ’hám eṣā́ṁ virā́jāni (AV.) that I may rule over them; katham mṛtyuḥ prabhavati vedaçāstravidām (M.) how has death power over those who know the Vedas and treatises?

d. A genitive, instead of an ablative, is sometimes found used with a verb of receiving of any kind (hearing included), and with one of fearing: thus, yo rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇāti lubdhasya (M.) whoever accepts a gift from a greedy king; çṛṇu me (MBh.) learn from me; bibhīmas tava (MBh.) we are afraid of thee.

298. A genitive in its usual possessive sense is often found as predicate, and not seldom with the copula omitted: thus, yáthā́ ’so máma kévalaḥ (AV.) that thou mayest be wholly mine; sarvāḥ sampattayas tasya saṁtuṣṭaṁ yasya mānasam (H.) all good fortunes are his who has a contented mind; — as objective predicate, bhartuḥ putraṁ vijānanti (M.) they recognise a son as the husband's.

299. a. The prepositional constructions of the genitive (1130) are for the most part with such prepositions as are really noun-cases and have the government of such: thus, agre, arthe, kṛte, and the like; also with other prepositional words which, in the general looseness of use of the genitive, have become assimilated to these. A few more real prepositions take the genitive: either usually, like upári above, or occasionally, like adhás, antár, áti.

b. A genitive is occasionally used in the older language with an adverb, either of place or of time: thus, yátra kvà ca kurukṣetrásya (ÇB.) in whatever part of Kurukshetra; yátra tú bhū́mer jā́yeta (MS.) on what spot of earth he may be born; idā́nīm áhnaḥ (RV.) at this time of the day; yásyā rā́tryāḥ prātáḥ (MS.) on the morn of what night; dviḥ saṁvatsarasya (K.) twice a year. Such expressions as the last occur also later.

300. a. The genitive is very little used adverbially; a few genitives of time occur in the older language: as, aktos by night, vastos by day; and there are found later such cases as kasya cit kālasya (Ç.) after a certain time; tataḥ kālasya mahataḥ prayayāu (R.) then after a long time he went forth.

b. A genitive, originally of possession, passing over into one of general concernment, comes in the later language (the construction is unknown earlier) to be used absolutely, with an agreeing participle, or quite rarely