rathavāhá -hī́ (but there are many exceptions); 4. secondary derivatives in maya (1225) and tana (1245 e): e. g. ayasmáya -yī; adyatana -nī; 5. most ordinal numbers (487 h): e. g. pañcamá -mī́, navadaçá -çī́, triṅçattamá -mī́. Not a few words make the feminine in either ā or ī: e. g. kévalā or -lī, ugrā́ or -rī́, pāpā or -pī́, rāmā́ or -mī́; but ordinarily only one of these is accepted as regular.
333. There are no verbal roots ending in a. But a is sometimes substituted for the final ā of a root (and, rarely, for final an), and it is then inflected like an ordinary adjective in a (see below, 354).
334. a. A noun ending in a, when occurring as final member of an adjective compound, is inflected like an original adjective in a, making its feminine likewise in ā or ī (367).
b. For the most part, an adjective compound having a noun in a as final member makes its feminine in ā. But there are numerous exceptions, certain nouns taking, usually or always, ī instead. Some of the commonest of these are as follows: akṣa eye (e. g. lohitākṣī, dvyakṣī, gavākṣī), parṇa leaf (e. g. tilaparṇī, saptaparṇī; but ekaparṇā), mukha face (e. g. kṛṣṇamukhī, durmukhī; but trimukhā etc.), an̄ga limb, body (e. g. anavadyān̄gī, sarvān̄gī; but caturan̄gā etc.), keça hair (e. g. sukeçī, muktakeçī or -çā, etc.), karṇa ear (e. g. mahākarṇī; but gokarṇā etc.), udara belly (e. g. lambodarī), mūla root (e. g. pañcamūlī; but oftener çatámūlā etc.). The very great majority of such nouns (as the examples indicate) signify parts of the body.
c. On the other hand, a feminine noun ending in derivative ā shortens its final to a to form a masculine and neuter base: see 367 c.
d. In frequent cases, nouns of consonant ending are, as finals of compounds, transferred to the a-declension by adding suffix a (1209 a) or ka (1222).
Declension II.
Stems (of all genders) in इ i and उ u.
335. The stems in इ i and उ u are inflected in so close accordance with one another that they cannot be divided into two separate declensions. They are of all the three genders, and tolerably numerous — those in इ i more numerous than those in उ u, especially in the feminine (there are more neuters in उ u than in इ i).
a. The endings of this declension also differ frequently and widely from the normal, and the irregularities in the older language are numerous.
