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regard to their names; and there is more or less of discordance even from ayúta on.

c. Thus, in the TS. and MS. we find ayúta, niyúta, prayúta, árbuda, nyàrbuda, samudrá, mádhya, ánta, parārdhá; K. reverses the order of niyúta and prayúta, and inserts badva after nyarbuda (reading nyarbudha): these are probably the oldest recorded series.

d. In modern time, the only numbers in practical use above thousand are lakṣa (lac or lakh) and koṭi (crore); and an Indian sum is wont to be pointed thus: 123,45,67,890, to signify 123 crores, 45 lakhs, 67 thousand, eight hundred and ninety.

e. As to the alleged stem-forms pañcan etc., see below, 484. As to the form ṣakṣ instead of ṣaṣ, see above, 146b. The stem dva appears in composition and derivation also as dvā and dvi; catúr in composition is accented cátur. The older form of aṣṭa is aṣṭā: see below, 483. Forms in -çat and -çati for the tens are occasionally interchanged: e. g. viṅçat (MBh. R.), triṅçati (AB.), pañcāçati (RT.).

f. The other numbers are expressed by the various composition and syntactical combination of those given above. Thus :

476. The odd numbers between the even tens are made by prefixing the (accented) unit to the ten to which its value is to be added: but with various irregularities. Thus:

a. eka in 11 becomes ekā, but is elsewhere unchanged;

b. dva becomes everywhere dvā; but in 42–72 and in 92 it is interchangeable with dvi, and in 82 dvi alone is used;

c. for tri is substituted its nom. pl. masc. tráyas; but tri itself is also allowed in 43–73 and in 93, and in 83 tri alone is used;

d. ṣaṣ becomes ṣo in 16, and makes the initial d of daça lingual (199d); elsewhere its final undergoes the regular conversion (226 b, 198 b) to ṭ or ḍ or ṇ; and in 96 the n of navati is assimilated to it (199c);

e. aṣṭa becomes aṣṭā (483) in 18–38, and has either form in the succeeding combinations.

f. Thus:

11	ékādaça	31	ékatriṅçat	61	ékaṣaṣṭi	81	ékāçīti
12	dvā́daça	32	dvā́triṅçat	62	dvā́ṣaṣṭi	82	dvyàçīti
					dvíṣaṣṭi
13	tráyodaça	33	tráyastriṅçat	63	tráyaḥṣaṣṭi	83	tryàçīti
					tríṣaṣṭi
14	cáturdaça	34	cátustriṅçat	64	cátuḥṣaṣṭi	84	cáturaçīti
15	páñcadaça	35	páñcatriṅçat	65	páñcaṣaṣṭi	85	páñcāçīti
16	ṣóḍaça	36	ṣáṭtriṅçat	66	ṣáṭṣaṣṭi	86	ṣáḍaçīti
17	saptádaça	37	saptátriṅçat	67	saptáṣaṣṭi	87	saptā́çīti
18	aṣṭā́daça	38	aṣṭā́triṅçat	68	aṣṭáṣaṣṭi	88	aṣṭā́çīti
					aṣṭā́ṣaṣṭi
19	návadaça	39	návatriṅçat	69	návaṣaṣṭi	89	návāçīti