Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/260

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sonal endings — but combined in subjunctive and optative with the respective mode-signs; and in the imperfect the augment is prefixed to the root.

a. The accented endings (552) regularly take the accent — except in the imperfect, where it falls on the augment — and before them the root remains unchanged; before the unaccented endings, the root takes the guṇa-strengthening.

b. It is only in the first three classes that the endings come immediately in contact with a final consonant of the root, and that the roles for consonant combination have to be noted and applied. In these classes, then, additional paradigms will be given, to illustrate the modes of combination.

1. Present Indicative.

612. The endings are the primary (with अते áte in 3d pl. mid.), added to the bare root. The root takes the accent, and has guṇa, if capable of it, in the three persons sing. act.

Examples of inflection: a. active, root इ i go: strong form of root-stem, ए é; weak form, इ i; middle, root ās sit, stem ā́s (irregularly accented throughout: 628).

active. middle.
s. d. p. s. d. p.
1 एमि
émi
इवस्
ivás
इमस्
imás
आसे
ā́se
आस्वहे
ā́svahe
आस्महे
ā́smahe
2 एषि
éṣi
इथस्
ithás
इथ
ithá
आस्से
ā́sse
आसाथे
ā́sāthe
आद्ध्वे
ā́ddhve
3 एति
éti
इतस्
itás
यन्ति
yánti
आस्ते
ā́ste
आसाते
ā́sāte
आसते
ā́sate

b. root dviṣ. hate: strong stem-form, dvéṣ; weak, dviṣ. For rules of combination for the final , see 226.

1 dvéṣmi dviṣvás dviṣmás dviṣé dviṣváhe dviṣmáhe
2 dvékṣi dviṣṭhás dviṣṭhá dvikṣé dviṣā́the dviḍḍhvé
3 dvéṣṭi dviṣṭás dviṣánti dviṣṭé dviṣā́te dviṣáte

c. root duh milk: strong stem-form, dóh; weak, duh. For rules of combination for the final h, and for the conversion of the initial to dh, see 222 a, 155, 160.

1 dóhmi duhvás duhmás duhé duhváhe duhmáhe
2 dhókṣi dugdhás dugdhá dhukṣé duhā́the dhugdhvé
3 dógdhi dugdhás duhánti dugdhé duhā́te duháte