a. From √āp, the 2d sing. act. would be āpnuhí; from √aç açnuhí; from √dhṛṣ, dhṛṣṇuhí; and so on. From √āp, too, would be made āpnuvántu, āpnuvā́thām, āpnuvā́tām, āpnuvátām.
704. In the earliest language, the rule as to the omission of hi after a root with final vowel does not hold good: in RV., such forms as inuhi, kṛṇuhí, cinuhí, dhūnuhi, çṛṇuhí, spṛṇuhi, hinuhi, and tanuhi, sanuhi, are nearly thrice as frequent in use as inú, çṛṇu, sunú, tanu, and their like; in AV., however, they are only one sixth as frequent; and in the Brāhmaṇas they appear only sporadically: even çṛṇudhí (with dhi) occurs several times in RV. RV. has the 1st sing. act. hinavā. The ending tāt is found in kṛṇutāt and hinutāt, and kurutāt. The strong stem-form is found in 2d du. act. in hinotam and kṛṇotam; and in 2d pl. act. in kṛṇóta and kṛṇótana, çṛṇóta and çṛṇotana, sunóta and sunótana, hinóta and hinotana, and tanota, karóta. The ending tana occurs only in the forms just quoted.
5. Present Participle.
705. The endings अन्त् ánt and आन āná are added to the weak form of tense stem: thus, from √सु su come act. सुन्वन्त् sunvánt (fem. सुन्वती sunvatī́), mid. सुन्वान sunvāná; from √तन् tan, तन्वन्त् tanvánt (fem. तन्वती tanvatī́), तन्वान tanvāná. From √आप् āp, they are आप्नुवन्त् āpnuvánt and आप्नुवान āpnuvāná.
6. Imperfect.
706. The combination of augmented stem and endings is according to the rules already stated: thus,
| active. | middle. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
| 1 | असुनवम् ásunavam |
असुनुव ásunuva |
असुनुम ásunuma |
असुन्वि ásunvi |
असुनुवहि ásunuvahi |
असुनुमहि ásunumahi |
| 2 | असुनोस् ásunos |
असुनुतम् ásunutam |
असुनुत ásunuta |
असुनुथास् ásunuthās |
असुन्वाथाम् ásunvāthām |
असुनुध्वम् ásunudhvam |
| 3 | असुनोत् ásunot |
असुनुताम् ásunutām |
असुन्वन् ásunvan |
असुनुत ásunuta |
असुन्वाताम् ásunvātām |
असुन्वत ásunvata |
a. Here, as elsewhere, the briefer forms ásunva, ásunma, ásunvahi, ásunmahi are allowed, and more usual, except from roots with final consonant, as dhṛṣ: which makes, for example, always ádhṛṣṇuma etc., and also ádhṛṣṇuvan, ádhṛṣṇuvi, ádhṛṣṇuvāthām, ádhṛṣṇuvātām, ádhṛṣṇuvata.
