3. Present Optative.
738. The scheme of optative endings as combined with the final of an a-stem was given in full above (566).
active. | middle. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
1 | भवेयम् bháveyam |
भवेव bháveva |
भवेम bhávema |
भवेय bháveya |
भवेवहि bhávevahi |
भवेमहि bhávemahi |
2 | भवेस् bháves |
भवेतम् bhávetam |
भवेत bháveta |
भवेथास् bhávethās |
भवेयाथाम् bháveyāthām |
भवेध्वम् bhávedhvam |
3 | भवेत् bhávet |
भवेताम् bhávetām |
भवेयुस् bháveyus |
भवेत bháveta |
भवेयाताम् bháveyātām |
भवेरन् bháveran |
a. The RV. has once the 3d pl. mid. bharerata (for one other example, see 752 b). AV. has udeyam from √vad.
b. A few instances are met with of middle 3d persons from a-stems in īta and (very rarely) īran, instead of eta and eran. For convenience, they may be put together here (excepting the more numerous causative forms, for which see 1043 c); they are (so far as noted) these: nayīta S. and later, çaṅsīta S., çrayīta S.; dhayīta S., dhyāyīta U., hvayīta AB. S. and hvayīran S., dhmāyīta U. An active form çaṅsīyāt C. is isolated and anomalous.
4. Present Imperative.
739. An example of the imperative inflection is:
active. | middle. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
1 | भवानि bhávāni |
भवाव bhávāva |
भवाम bhávāma |
भवै bhávāi |
भवावहै bhávāvahāi |
भवामहै bhávāmahāi |
2 | भव bháva |
भवतम् bhávatam |
भवत bhávata |
भवस्व bhávasva |
भवेथाम् bhávethām |
भवध्वम् bhávadhvam |
3 | भवतु bhávatu |
भवताम् bhávatām |
भवन्तु bhávantu |
भवताम् bhávatām |
भवेताम् bhávetām |
भवन्ताम् bhávantām |
740. The ending tana in 2d pl. act. is as rare in this whole conjugation as is thana in the present: the V. affords only bhajatana in the a-class (and nahyatana in the ya-class: 760 c). The ending tāt of 2d sing. act., on the other hand, is not rare; the RV. has avatāt, oṣatāt, dahatāt, bhavatāt, yacchatāt, yācatāt, rákṣatāt, vahatāt; to which AV. adds jinvatāt, dhāvatāt; and the Brāhmanas bring other examples. MS. has twice svadātu (parallel texts both times svadāti): compare similar cases in the á-class: 752 c.