7. The sa-aorist.
916. In the later language, the roots allowed to form this aorist end in श् ç, ष् ṣ, or ह् h — all of them sounds which in combination with the tense-sign make क्ष् kṣ; and they have इ i, उ u, or ऋ ṛ as radical vowel.
a. They are as follows: diç, riç, liç, viç, kliç, kruç, ruç, mṛç, spṛç; tviṣ, dviṣ, çliṣ, viṣ, kṛṣ; dih, mih, lih, guh, duh, ruh, tṛh, vṛh, stṛh; from about half of them sa-forms, earlier or later, are quotable. Some of them may, or with certain meanings must, take aorists of other forms. And a few are allowed to drop both tense-sign and union-vowel a in certain persons of the middle: that is, they may make instead forms of the root-aorist.
917. As the tense-stem ends in अ a, the inflection is in the main like that of an imperfect of the second general conjugation. But (according to the grammarians: the forms unfortunately have not been found quotable) the 1st sing. mid. ends in इ i instead of ए e, and the 2d and 3d du. mid. in आथाम् āthām and आताम् ātām, as in imperfects of the other conjugation. Both active and middle inflection is admitted. The root is throughout unstrengthened.
918. As example of inflection we may take the root दिश् diç point. Thus:
| active. | middle. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
| 1 | अदिक्षम् ádikṣam |
अदिक्षाव ádikṣāva |
अदिक्षाम ádikṣāma |
अदिक्षि ádikṣi |
अदिक्षावहि ádikṣāvahi |
अदिक्षामहि ádikṣāmahi |
| 2 | अदिक्षस् ádikṣas |
अदिक्षतम् ádikṣatam |
अदिक्षत ádikṣata |
अदिक्षथास् ádikṣathās |
अदिक्षाथाम् ádikṣāthām |
अदिक्षध्वम् ádikṣadhvam |
| 3 | अदिक्षत् ádikṣat |
अदिक्षताम् ádikṣatām |
अदिक्षन् ádikṣan |
अदिक्षत ádikṣata |
अदिक्षाताम् ádikṣātām |
अदिक्षन्त ádikṣanta |
919. In the earlier language, the forms of the sa-aorist are hardly more than sporadic. They are made in RV. from seven roots; in AV., from two of these and from two others; and the remaining texts add ten more, making nineteen in all (the later language makes no additions to this number). As later, all have i or u or ṛ as root-vowel, and a final consonant which combines with s to kṣ; but there are in the list also two
