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230 § 305-307. that the employment of the desideratives is optional ¹) whereas the causatives cannot be periphrased. Accor- dingly, desideratives are less frequent in literature than causatives. They are not only met with when being finite verbs and participles, but also their derivatives in (subst.) and 3 (adj.), which may be made from any desiderative, as fa(the wish of doing), faany (wishing to do). Examples: Daç. 90 saveffraan guna ya edi utadı farfemntunt Hel- tangazrafa (she does not care for wealth, it is for virtues alone that she wishes to sell her charms and she is desirons of 306. Inten- sives. auganmùa behaving herself like a respectable lady), ibid. 25 fui a (as I perceived some brahman, whom the crowd of my attendants were about to kill), Kathâs. 29, 157 TAT ff (the king being about to die of illness). The intensives are not frequent in literature. In the brahmanas and in the great epic poems they are more to be met with than in younger texts. The participles of them seem to be more employed than the finite verbs. Examples: Mhbh. 1, 90, 4 à gafa aldumal, R. 2, 95, 10 ga-11-149. Kathâs. 81, 17 the glow of the sun at the hottest part of the day is thus described u fe fidan nt faitren- STT saf. In Pane. V, p. 321 the ram, that flees into the stable, after having been driven away by the cook with a blazing stick, is called scalaurtes 307. Deno- TEB Various classes of denominatives are explained by Panini (3, 1, minati 8-21; 25; 27-30). Among these, some verbs are very common in literature, as #mufafa (to hear), fasufà (to mix), astuà (to cry), but they have nothing remarkable from a syntactic point of view, since the speaker uses them ready made and may use them even J 1) P. 3, 1, 7 uri: adut: autachdienti, tai a sc. A, to be under- stood from s. 5. But in P. 3, 1, 26, which aûtra teaches the form and em- ployment of the causatives, the particle of optionality is wanting.