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§ 35-36. CHAPTER II. How to denote case-relations. 35. The manifold relations between nouns and verbs or nouns and nouns are signified by cases, by the pe- riphrase of cases, by compounding. As to the proportional frequency of the said modes of expression, nude cases are more freely employed in poetry than in prose, oftener in the earlier periods of Sanskrit than in the latter; whereas periphrastic expression strives at ex- tending by the time, the implements of circumlocution increasing in number and variety, the nearer we ap- proach to our own times. But the faculty of signifying case-relations by confining the correlating nouns into the somewhat rudimentary shape of compounds has not been overturned nor diminished by time. On the con- trary, whether we look at their frequency or at their manifoldness or at their expansibility, the old dialect is by far surpassed by the alexandrinian period of Sanskrit literature. 24 36. The same richness and abundance is generally displayed in the several constructions, taken separately. Two or more conceptions of the same case-relation being equally possible in thought, they mostly are also available in speech; there is perhaps no language, where one may be less limited in this respect. Thus we meet side by side with a partitive genitive, a partitive ablative, a partitive loca- tive. Causality may be denoted by means of the instru- mental as well as by the ablative or by various periphrase, as देतो, कारणेन, कारणात् etc. The person spoken to may be put in the accusative or dative or expressed by means of प्रति, पुर, अग्रे. The verbs of giving are