"OLUMB
THE ADVOCATE OF INDUSTRY AND ENTERPRISE, AND JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS.
NEW-YORK, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1 1, 1845.
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PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING, AT THE
SUN BUILDINGS,
Together with
-Entrance 128 Fulton st., and 89 Na�sau st.
ALSO, AT NO. 12 STATE ST., BOSTON,
AND
CADE, PHILADE LPH IA.
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MAL L E R Y
EQUALIZING MACHINE,
a vertical view of
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(The Principal Office being at New York,)
B Y P ° R 'I' E R
MECHANIC AL
its
application
to a Steam Carriage
[NUMBER 13.
C ATALOGUE OF AMERICAN PATENTS ISSUED IN 1844.
for Common Roads.
CLASS
XVIII.-Arts, Polite, Fine and Ornamen tal: inccluding music, painting, s culp ture, en gravings, books, paper, printing, binding, jewel ry, etc. Block-letters, Lewis Katen, New York: Sept . 20.
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RUli'US PORTER,-Editor.
Bach number of this paper is furnished wi h
from two to five O GIN A L ENGRAVINGS, man y RI of them e le ga n t, and illustrative of NEW IN.
VENTIONS, SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPI,ES, and ,C URI. OSI'fIES i and con [ am s as much I nterestlng I n. " telligence as six ordinary daily papers, ('onsist.
American Patents i-Scientific Essays, i Jll1stra-
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tive of the principles of the Scien ces of Me.
ehanics,
Chemistry, and
Architecture ; - . In .
struction in various Arts and Trade s ;_curioll� Philosophical Experiments ;-MisceJlantlOus In.
telligence, Poetry, and, occasionally, M u sic.
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CLASS
XIX.-Fire-arms, and implements ofwm-, and parts thereof, including the manufactnre of sh o t and gunpowder.
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C This papel' is especially entitled to the patlonage of A Mechanics and Manufacturers, being the only paper in America devoted to the interests of those classes; but is particularly useful to Farmers, as will not only. apprise them of impruvements in agricultural implements, but INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.-Of the three greatest difficulties which have hitherto been encountered in the construction of !Iteam carriages for or· iustruct them in various mechanical trades, lind guard d in ary travelling on co m mon roads, and for agricultural service, the first is the excessive weight of the ordinary and only kind of steam. engines Ulem against impositions. As a family newspaper, it The second is the d i ffi c ul ty of adjusting the power to the occasion, so as to scend hills with the sa me quan ti ty a nd b oile rs which have been in use. will convey more useful intelli!(cncc to children and young people, than five times its cost in school instruc- of power that is r e qu i red for level ground ; and the third, the want of s o me method whereby the power ca n be equalized in its ap plica t ion to tion. Another important argument in favor of this pa- the d riv ing wheels, s o as to a p ply an equal force to each wheel, without regard to the relative motion thereof', o r, to be more explicit, so as to . per, i s, that it will be worth two dollllrs at the end of the . . . ' apply as u ch force to �he o utside wheel while r unn l Dg on a cur ve, or turnmg a corne , as to the ot h er or mSlde wheel, although the veloC l t?' �f r when the volume is complete, and will probably year, command that price ill cash, if we may judge from the, the l a tter III such cases, L'! much les s than that of the former. With regard to the fi rst difficulty, it will be c on ced ed that we have evaded It III circu.JnStance that 01<1 v?lumes of the" Ne,v York t he introduction of the light, powerful, and per fect " Parallel R otary" engine w h ich appeared in No.3 and the Tubular Boiler' presented in No. . . . . . , chuntc," by the same e,l1tol", wlll now �olllmand double :. 8 ' ' d . '" W ItI1 re ga r to t I Ie secon d and thud difficulty It Will be seen by the foregomg engrav.' g and the foll owmg explanatIOn thereol, . l of th lS pap e r. m , the original cost.
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TERMR.- "Tl)eScientificAmerican" will befurni�hed . to subscrlhers at $2, per annnOl,�one dollar in advant:e, and . the balance in six months. . Five copies Wil l be sent to on� addff�ss �IX months for ' fuur dollars in advance. Any persoll pro�lring two or more subscribers, will he entitled to a commission of twenty-five cents ellch. TERMS <IF ADv}:RTISING.-For 10 line8 01' less 50 ' . , cent s r. tlIe fi. St, and 12 I ." cent'" ,or 1I s ,or every SII b sequent ' insertion. =:------,=c-=.
Jack Frost.
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" 0 , ho ! 0, ho!" quoth old Jack PrOM, As he sp ed on his wint'ry way: And he laughed, delighted, l a d!! �a���t gay. He made the old oak, and the poplar tall, Bend low at his stormy blast, And the last yellow lellves to quiver and fall 13efore his might as he passed.
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. th at one ho rse. powe r 0 f steam, H! .eu ffi' e nt lo . p o peI a lour-horse.l oad .up hil l, and t h at an equal force wi ll be applied to each wheel while funnmg cl · r '" . . . on sha r p curves, a!l 111 case 0 f t lI rnm g t I I e carnage to c I laDge Its dlre ctlO n. EXPLANATIQN.- The frame A. A, wi t h the p ara l lel beams H, B and the cross- bar C C, constitute the horizontal fra me of the ste am carriage, a . . ' . ' . . . . SI 0 view 0f w h' Ch ap pea r ed' 'd m N o • • J 0 fl' " I TI1e machinery which appears central ly lD th IS VIew, IS placed b elo w the floor 0f th e c r nage, t liS pape r. ' oes not appear in si gh t when in operation . The d r iv i ng wheels, D, D, a re mounted on separa te Ilxles, each extending f ro m the side to the lind d centre. The axle of the s tee r i ng wheel, E, has its bearings in opposite side" of a horizontal circle which support� tb e forward part of the frame. . . . . . ' ' TIIe b'ler, Iior 0b VlOlIS rea sons, IS not he rem ..epresent ed; b ut a sec tI O n IS S Il O wn of the steam. pipe F. by wh .ic h the steam IS cond lIeted Iirom thc 01 . . . . . b'l T, t 01 er to t IIe rotary englne G (IIe casing onI yof willch IS seen , ) the shaft of w hich carries the p i n ions, II, II, whieh take to the ge er . w h eel s, I, I, whereby 1lI0tion is communicated by way of the centre pin i on J, to the large ce nt ral eer . wh eel K, K. Within t hi s wheel, between its axle and its g rim, are mounted two be el. gee r wheels L, L. The axles of the large wheel, has its bearings on the ends of the axles of the bevel-!!:eer wh eels , lU v � , N: but the axles of the first bevel.gecr wh e e s , L, L, ex tend from the axle to the rim of the large wheel, havin g their bear in gs in e ach ; so that the ody of these wheels with their axles revolve round the axle of the large wheel; an d as the teet h of these wheels take to the whee ls M and N, the e lat t r are put in motion by. the former j and with th em the sm all chain . wheels, 0, 0, f r om which, by means of t wo endless chain�, the mo t i on and pow e r of the eng ine is communicated to other chain.wheels, P, P, whereoy the d r iving wheels are put in motion. Now it will be seen, that if the
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beve l - gee r wheel1'I is by any means retarded, it wil l n ot p r e v en t the co nt i n uou s a pplication of power to the wheel N; and vice versa: w h e refore, the application of force to oath driving wheels is equal ized independently of the i r relative motion. It will moreover be seen, by those who under. , stand multiplying geer.powe r, that if-the e n gin e is wo rki ng under a pressure of 100 I bs ., per square in ch, and each float of the e n gine p resents two . . . 'i'lquaremc hes-ma k' mg Iiour ' me hes '" lorth eo two opposlte,-the force applied to the endless chains, and through them to th e driving wheels, will ex· ceed ten tho1lsand P unds. C nse quen tly, but a o c urrent of steam from the en g in e will be required, on level ground; but in ascending hills,
" 0, ho ! 0, ho!' quoth old Jack Frost, As he looked at the farmer's fire�ide, And saw the huge log On the bright fire-dog, And a flagon and tankard be3ide; And heard the gay jest, and the loud merry lau�h, As they trill'd forth their Christmas rhymes, How happy they grew as the liquor they'd quaff Jack gave a huzzafor old times!.
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the st ea m traveller WIll turn the valve and let on more steam; and although the velocity will be re duced, being limited by the quantity of the steam generated, yet the force applied to the wheels may be extended, as occasion requires, even to that of ten or twelve horses. We shall allude to this subject again, in our next numb er .
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may be remarked, how oftell do we find from the most trivial circumstanclls, discoveries have arisen " 0, bo! 0, ho !" quoth old Jack Frost, of the verry highest importance. As a nobleman's house he passed through, merchants carrying nitre, happened to stop at the And saw turkey and chine, bot�om of the stream, and ��t finding stonlls to set I And brnn,ly and wine; t�elr kettle� Oil t o cook p ro vlslO llS, piled up sand nnd "These, indeed, are rare times for you." Ditre for �Iw' pn�pose, w hen, by the actlon of fire And the ricll man dozed in his easy arm-chllir, I on these IIlgredwnts, a �ew substance was di sco v- i And his fire blazed fiereely and bold; But he never thought of one morsel to spare, ered, namely, glass, wh�ch has added flO much, not For thoqe that were hungry and cold. only to the comfort� o� life, but. the progress of science. The sand of thiS stream continued for ages to " 0, ho! 0, �o �" sighed old J ck F.{oi t, supply the m�nufactorie� of Sido.n wi th materials � As he loo� d In the poor man s hut, for that beautlfnl produc t IOn ; and III the seventeenth J?ark, d lfty and dl'ear, centnry vessels were smployed at St. Jean d ' Aere, . . find no fi re to cIleer m . to re move It to th e g I ass- houses 0f V' Ic e and GeWithout window or d�or that would shut! n�a. It may be a ded, that, under t�e Emperors, AmI a half clad mother her children �llcldled wmdows were con.structed of � certam .trans paren t To give warmth to the nestling brood; ' stone, called tapIS s peCltlarlS, found III Carm el, And tIle little ones cried as together they huddl en which is close to Belus, and might be split into thi n "Oh mother p ray gi�'e us some food . ,,, " leaves like slate, but not above five feet in length.
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Some sidonian
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" 0, ho! 0, ho!" sighed old Jack Frost, At a sight he loved not to see For paupers he saw, ' COlldemn'd by the law, To feast upon skilligalee. And he hea.l'd the poor wretche:;; refused even that By t�e flmt-heart�d overseer, He be�leved IIOt th:lr tale, as cozy he 901, Their heart-rendtng cases to hear. " 0, ho! 0, bo!" doled forth Jllcl. :l>'r09t, As he went far and wide through all parts; t e m e �I�t� C:� ���t ��� �lee, Not to deaden an d freeze up men's hearl�, ['11 leave the world to the bright sun's beam, WhORe brilliance I laugh'd at before; AnJ may the gay warmth of its genial glellm, Canse the rich to remember the poor." --'-"-N"_'�"--
.. Word to the Sluggisll.
Lose this day loitering-'twill be the same story To-morrow, and next more dilatory; Thus indecision brings its own delays. And days are lost lamenting over days. Are you in earnest 1 Seize this very minutt!, What you can do, or think you can; begin it ; Boldness has genius, power and magic in it ; Only engag�, and then thll mind grows heated Begin itl Il,lld the 'Work will be completed.
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�RESSURE OF THE SEA.-If a piece of wood which .floats on the water be forced down to a gr.eat �ep�h llI.the sea , the. pressure of the surroundmg hq�ld Will �e forc.ed IlIto th� p�res of th e wood, and so mcrease I ts wClg!l� th at It Will no longer be cap. R;ble of tioatJ.n g or r!smg to th e surface. Hence the timber of 81ups, which lia.ve foundered in the deep part of t he or.ean, never flse again to the surface, l i ke those which have sunk near the shor e. A diver m ay with.impunity, plunge to cel·tain depths of the s�a; but there is a hmit beyond which he canno t live under the pressure to w h ich he iii! subject.I For the same reason it is probable that there iA a depth bey on !I w 1lie I1 t he fishes cannot live. They have according to Jo�lin been caught ill a depth. at which they must have slIstained a pressnre of e i ghty tons to ea c h square foot of the surface of their i bod ies. •
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say the like
THE EARTH .- The surface or the earth is 19G,862,266 square miles, and its solidity 257,726,934,410 cubic miles. Not more than one-fifth of the who l earth is hab i t abl e by man. The mean depth of the ocean is about three miles, and the height of mountains level or t he ocean is one an d three·fourth miles. Distribute this land over the bottom of th e ocean, and the waters would cover the whole fhce of the earth. The mean annual temperature of the earth is fifty degrees. .
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-· k R �U:s :r��� t�� ::t��;tfr�g t in m of the amount of iron manufactured in Wareham. Wh en we estimate the lenlJ"th of their relative 01' It seems that there are four l rge iron manufacto- . bits, the boundaries of thei;'perihel i a and the great ries n(lW in perat ion, and that a fifth is to be estab- likelihood of th ei r remaining invisible to the inhabi lished. These four factories are capa b le of manu- tants of the earth by the rules cf probabilities, we facturi ng a b01ll 20 , 000 tons a year of scrap iron into I find the y must amount to such myriads as make the vario us articles. This, at $70 a ton, will amount to imagination pause amazed. Kepler says there are no less than $1,408,000 per annum. They consume more comets in the depth of space, than there are about 10,000 tons of coal, and g ive employment to fishes in the bosom of the oeean, and yet the comet about 475 hands. B es i d e these establishments for of 1811 requires 3065, and that of 1680 requires working iron, there is a fUrnll.ee in operation for cast- 8,800 y ear s for their revolut ion ; the first recedinu: ing hollow ware, and o ther articles, which turns out 21 and the E'econd 4 4 times further from the Sun ye rly about 600 tons of castings, valued at $15,000. t hun Uranus, or 8,400 and 17,600 m illions of miles! __���,,�_ There are abo ut 150 na il tools at work, turnin ". out ann ua ly 4000 ton s of lIail�, worth $360.000. --'_'� 10ngest,lme of r aIl way
POETRY.-Verily, this is an age of poetry. No one no w a days thinks of expressin g his thoughts in prose. It is altogether too cold and sober. The life and fire are wanted. A thorough-going teeto taller-just pledged, though black as two o'clock at night-thus expresses himself on the subject of rum selling:
A LONG RAILWAY._The longest line of railway
ever completed in Europe, is that from St. Petersburg to Odessa, extending over an uninterrupted
line of one thousand six hundred miles. It will connect the Baltic and the Black, and consequently the
Caspin seas-traversing three different zones of
temperature; and a person may thus leave the Rus
sian capital in the depth of winter, and arrive, on
the same railroad, at Odessa, in warm, nay, hot wea-
ther. It is, however, the beginning of what may
really be term ed an overland route, connecting, in
fin e, the Russian metropolis and Ispahan. The
Emperor Nicholas takes great interest in this gi-
gantic plan.
"I'd soonel' black my visage o'er, And put de shine OR boots and shoes,
Than stand within the grog-shop door,
And rinse the glasses drunkard's use " CLOSE SHAVING - A j usti ce of the peace was called 011 for the payment of a bill of 75 cents. Upon presenting the bill, th e squire asked him f he
--�".",.,.#�.I would swear to the account. The man replied yes. A BEAUTIFUL I DEA .- Th llt was a beautiful idea squire swore him, and h anded hi m cints. of the wife of an Ir i sh schoolmaster, who, whilst 'Stop, s qu ir e, ' said the man, 'you are mi stak en in . poor himself, had given gratuitous instruction to the amount; 'tis 75 cents: ' I kn o w,' returned the poor scholar s, but when i ncrea sed in worl dly goods squire,' but I can't swear you for nothing.' -'�;�""#'N'''began to th in k that he could not afford to give his LAWYER'S OPIC'lION OF LAw.-A learned judge ser vice for noth i ng : '011, James, don't 0' that,' said the gentle-hearted woman-' don' t ; a being once asked how he woul d act if a man owed poor scholar never comes into the house that I h i m ten pounds and refused to pay him. 'Rather didn't feel as if lie brought fresh ail' fl'om heaven t han bring an ac t ion,' said he, ' with its cost and Ull-never miss the bit I give them-my heart certainty, I would give him a receipt in full for all lIJith him warms to the soft, homely sound of their bare feet demands," and after a l ittl e rumination he addedon t he floor, and the door almost open itself to let 'aye, and I would senel him m oreove r, five pounds them in." to cover all possible costs.' --""'N�P#oN". __ _ --�,..,.-.. RATHE BITING.-The French officer who gave DAMAGES FOR INFRINGING A PATENT.-In the U. R the following toas t recently, at Washington, was S. Circuit Court, at Boston, on the 7th insL, in the quite savage upon' de grand leetle r ep ubl ique, ' un- case of Wm. C. Davol, of th is town, against Brown, nten tionally:-' Gentilhommes! I shall give you of Pawtuc ke t , and others, for imitating the plaintiff's patent feeder in cotton machine, jury r eturned de grand one sentiment : it is a verdict for the plaintiff-damages $�60.; republique vat begin to devil-up itself.'
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© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
Inking rollers, R. M. Hoe, New York, April 17. Manif old letter writers, Jesse K. Park, New York: Nov. 13. Markinll and lettering packages, Wm. Franc is and Wm. Johnson, Wayesville, N.C.: �ct. 3. . Piano -fort e, Obed M. Coleman, Philadelphia: April 17; Loveri n g Ricketts, Balt i more: June 24; Ottoviano Gori& Phi lip Ernst, N York: March2.6. Turning-pins for pianofor te, J. Shaler Ives, BrJs-
tol, Ct.: January 6. Prin ting press, Richard M. Hoe, New York : April 17 ; Alonzo Gilman, Troy: August 23: Seth Adams, Boston: Sept. 27. Printing in colors, Thomas F. Adams, Philadel' ' phia, Sept. 17. Ste reotyping, Clement Davidson, Saratoga,N.Y.:
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ing of notices of the prog ress of Mechanical and other Scientific Improvements,-Amcri. . can an d F orelgn I nvent' IOns i C ata I og ues 0f
(Continued from No. 12.)
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Constructing large guns, William F. Lop r, Phil adelphi a: July 30. F i re ar ms, William Hubbell, Philadelphia: July 1: Edward Savage and Simeon North, Middleto wn, Ct.: Nov. II. Locks for fire-arms , Ethan Allen, Norwich, Ct.: Aug. 3.
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XX.-Surgical and medical inst�m-en!s, including trusses, dental instruments, bathmg m struments, etc.
App aratus for vapor baths, A. C. Haynes, Plattsec .J. burg, N : D . 4. Corslets for curved spines, &c., Alanson Abbey, R oxbury, Mass.: Aug. 7. Cu ppmg instruments, Robert J. Dodd, Philad elphia : Apr il 13. e lvmgston R 0, White . A pparatus fior fira ctures, L" . Plains, N.Y.: NO"ember 6; Lewis Post, Lodl, N. Y. ; Dee. W. Chair;; lor invalids, James G. Holmes, Charleston, S.C.: S ept. 24. . Nursing @ottlE ugene D upuy, NY ork : A ri130• e, Stays or supporting the spi e, Lyma Wh to t n ll i n, O Tro S et�In " " lt21'fi cial teeth, J. S. Dodge, New York: ' Y ' :t�r ' M a rch 13. . Truss, David Sabin, Lancaster, Pa.: March 20; Epenetus Bennett, N'ew York: April 30; C: ar�er a t im ore, Md. Sept 24 E a nd R inhardt a e , B l
. ? h �lm C. Darling, New Orleans: Nov. 6; CalVIn CUlter, S p ringfi eld, Mass.: Dec. 16. i I nstrumenrs for uterine injections, Dan Gale, Boston: Oct. 16. CLA SS
XXI.- Wearing apparel, articles for the toilet etc., i1lcluding in.slrumenlsfor manufactur-
Fitting ladies dresses, S. Ri chardson, Baldwin, Me. j April 4. Hooks and eyes, E. C. Savage, Hartford, Conn. : March 26. Suspender buckles, Henry D ubosq, Philadelphia,
1:ng.
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Tailors' measures, Henry Isham, M ont pelier, Vt. : May 30; John B. Combs, Trenton, N. J.: Nov. 9.
CLASS
XXlI.-MiscellaneoUe.
Improvement in awnings, John Sebo, Wilming ton, Del., May 25. Cutting india rubber, H.G.Tyer and John Helm, Kew Brunswi ck, N. J., Oct. 9. India rubber fabrics, Charles Good year, New . York: March 9. India rubber goods, c orrugated and shurred, Ho race Eay, Jersey City, N. J., Oct. 12.
improvements added to ring the
year 1844.
original patents granted du
Breaking and screening coal, Joseph Battin, Phi lad e l phi a: patented Oct. 6, 1843: improved January 20, 1844. . . . Hvdrostatic weighted steam valve, Wilham Duff, BaltImore, July 28, 1843: Nov. 26, 1844. Plane Stock, William Foster, Washington: Nov. 24, 1843: March 16, 1844. Oil hoxes for railroad cars, John H. Tims, New ark, N. J.: Oct. 31, 1839: re-issued June 13, 1844 : July 1, 1844. Stoves, D aniel Williams, Troy: Feb. 3, 1836: re-issued Nov. 21, 1840: March 26, 1844.
A BALD EAGLE.-An�-fi� size and power as killed lately in Montgor�ery, Ala. Geese, pigs, kids, and even sheep, were hIS common prey, but it was not until he attempted to c�rry. off a �e aro ch ild that the effort was made to kill him, "�lCh �esulted successfully . So terrified, indeed were the nei ahbors t hat a rcward of fifty dollars was offered ' to � ny one who would take him. The weight of the eagle i s put down at sixty-seven pounds, and he is sa i d to have measured eight feet three inches from one point of the wing to the other. --;-,.,.,.,.�--
To REMOVE SPOTS OF GREASE FROM WOOLEN CLOTH, SILK, COTTON, OR LINEN.-Take an ounce ' pipe clay, grind it with t welve drops of spirits 01 of wine. When dry, the composition m ust be brushed off, when the stains will disapper : or rub a little m agnesi a moistened upon the spot, and rub it well off; or cover the spot with French chalk, ap ply an iron warmed, to m elt the grease, when the Fre nch chalk will absorb it, and it may all be br ushed off together.. For silk o r cotton dresses, grate raw potatoes into water, so as to form a pulp, pass the liqui d throug h a siev e and let the potato subside. Pour the clear liquor from the top, which may be bottled for use. Dip a s'p0!lge and wet the spot till it disappears; then wash It 10 clear w at r.
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