3+4
POKTUGAL.
century, at which period Affonso, an illegitimate son of King Jofio or John I., was created by his father Duke of Braganza and Lord of Guimaraens. When the old line of Portuguese kings, of the House of Avis, became extinct by the death of King Sebastian, and of his nominal successor, Henrique ' the Cardinal,' Philip II. of Spain took possession of the country, claiming it in virtue of his descent from a Portuguese princess; but in disregard of the fundamental law of the kingdom, passed by the Cortes of Lamego in 1139, which excluded all foreign princes from the succession. After bearing the Spanish rule for more than half a century, the people of Portugal revolted, and proclaimed Don Joao, the then Duke of Braganza, as their king, he being the nearest heir to the throne, though of an illegitimate issue. The Duke thereupon assumed the name of Joao IV., to which Portuguese historians appended the title ' the Fortunate.' From this Joao, through many vicissitudes of family, the present rulers of Portugal are descended. For two centuries the members of the line of Braganza kept up the ancient blood alliances with the reigning house of Spain ; but the custom was broken through by the late Queen Maria II., who, by a union with a Prince of Coburg, entered the great family of Teutonic Sovereigns. Luis I. is the second Sovereign of Portugal of the line of Braganza- Coburg.
Luis I. has a civil list of 365,000 milreis, or about 82,000/. ; but His Majesty returns annually 26,000 milreis to the public exchequer, to be employed for educational purposes. The expenses of the Avhole Court, including the allowance to King Ferdinand and the other princes, amount to 675,000 milreis, or nearly 152,000/. King Luis has settled upon his consort, Queen Pia, sixty contos of reis, or 14,000/., from his own civil list, declining a proffered grant from the funds of the nation.
The following is a list of the Sovereigns of Portugal since its conquest from the Moors : —
I. House of Burgundy
A.D.
a.d.
Affonso V.. 'the African'
1438
Henri of Burgundy
1095
Joan II., 'the Perfect' .
1181
Affonso I.
1112
Manoel ....
1495
Saneho I.
1185
Joan III.
1521
Affonso II., 'the Fat' .
1211
Sebastian
1557
Saneho II., ' Capel '
1223
Enrique ' the Cardinal ' .
1578
Affonso III. .
1248
Diniz, ' the Farmer '
1279
III. Interval of Submission to
Spain.
Affonso IV.
1.325
Philip II.
15SCI
Pedro, ' the Severe '
1357
Philip III. .
1590
Ferdinando I.
1367
Philip IV.
1623
II. House of Avis.
IV. House of Braganza
Joan I., ' tlie Great '
1385
Joan IV., 'the Fortunate'
into
Eduardo
1433
Affonso VI
1656
