892 GERMAN EMPIRE
Kamerun.
The Kamerun Protectorate, lying between British Nigeria and the French Congo, extends from the coast north-eastwards to the southern shore of Lake Chad; area 191,130 square miles; population 2,720,000. Bantu negroes near the coast, Sudan negroes inland. In 1911 there were 1,455 whites, of whom 1,111 were German. The protectorate is under an imperial o-overnor, assisted by a chancellor, two secretaries, and a local council of three representative merchants. The seat of Government is at Buea. Military force, 171 Germans and 1,300 natives; police force, 28 Germans and 621 coloured men. Four Government schools at Duala, Victoria, Jaunde, and Garaa, have about 733 pupils. Four missionary societies have schools with 24,270 pupils. In 1910, 94 Europeans and 6,360 natives were convicted in the criminal courts. The soil in the coast region is fertile, and numerous valuable African vegetable productions grow in profusion. Plantations of cocoa occupy 9,583 hectares; coffee, 10 hectares; rubber of various sorts, 6,472 hectares; kola, 152 hectares. There are 175,049 oil palms. In Victoria, the experiments are being made towards the cultivation of cloves, vanilla, ginger, pepper, and many other products ; an active trade in ivory and palm-oil. The colony is rich in hardwood ; ebony is abundant. Cattle-rearing is carried on with success in the hinterland. Revenue (mainly from import' duties) and expenditure for 1912, 9,590,000 marks, including 2,345,000 marks of subvention. Duala (pop. 22, 000), Victoria, Kribi, Rio del Eey and Campo are important trading stations, and Aquatown and Bell- town are the principal native settlements. Gold and iron have been found. Imports over sea, 1911 : 29,317,514 marks; exports : 21,250,883 marks. Chief exports : palm keinels, rubber, palm oil, ivory, cocoa. Chief imports : textiles, spirits, timber, salt, iron wares, and colonial produce. In 1910 there entered at the 5 ports 529 trading vessels of 1,290,829 tons. Roads are being constructed between the coast towns and from the coast inland. The total length of railway line (1913) is 149 miles. The Manenguba rail- way is constructed to the length of 160 kras. fThe receipts were (1911), 380,432 marks. A line from Duala to Edea and Widimenge is projected, and' other lines near the south-west coast. The telegraph system is being rapidly extended. Kamerun is connected by cable with Bonny in Southern Nigeria. A new direct cable is in construction.
^British Considar-Agent at Duala — E. C. Holder.
German South-West Africa.
This Protectorate includes the region lying between Portuguese West Africa and Cape Colony, and extending eastward to the British sphere, ex- clusive of Walfisch Bay, which belongs to Cape Colony. Area 322,450 square miles ; population, 82,235, belonging to the Hottentot and Bushman, the Bantu and the Damara races. European population, 1911, 13,962 (11,140 German); the military force (inclusive of police) 3,547 men. In 1909 the 19 Government schools had 548 pupils, and the Mission schools had about 3,000. In 1910, 515 Euroi)eans and 2,371 natives were convicted in the criminal courts. The whole southern part and much -of the east is barren and desert. There have been extensive boring operations for water, in many cases successful. The coast lands are held by the 'Deutsche Kolonial Gesellschaft fiir Siidwest Africa,' which has given the special names of Deutsch-Naraaland to the southern part of its territories, and Deutsch-Daraaraland to the northern. The seat of administration is at Windhoek', other stations being Gobabis, Otjim- bingue, Swakopmund, Keetmanshoop, Gibeon. The natural harbours
