986
ITALY
Statistics of Italian universities, 1910-11 : —
Date of
Date of
-_
Founda-
Students
—
Founda-
Students
tion
•.
tion
state Universities : —
Rome
1303
2,847
Bologna
1200
1,520
Sassari
1677
176
Cagliari
1626
243
Siena
1300
244
Catania
1434
1,048
Turin
1404
1,898
Genoa
1243
1,024
Free Universities : —
Macerata
1290
435
1 Camerino
1727
406
Messina
1549
1678
229 522
1 Ferrara
1391
490
Modena
Perugia
1276
350
Naples
1224
5,340
Urbino
1564
312
Padua
1222
1,333
University Courses
Palermo
1805
1,265
(Licei of Aquiia,
Parma
1502
435
Bari, Catanzaro) .
—
144
Pavia
1300
1,137
1
Pisa .
1338
956
Total
22,354
There were, also, 35 schools of agriculture (1910-11) with 1,781 students; 3 schools of mining (1910-11) with 72 students; 85 industrial schools (1908-09) with 18,218 students ; 206 schools of design and mould' ing (1910) with 22,196 students ; 50 commercial schools (1910-11) with 6,903 students; 29 professional schools for girls with 6,565 students; 18 Covernraent fine art institutes (1910-11) with 2,559 students; and 13 non- Government with 1,162 students; 5 Government institutes and conserva- toires of music with 981 students, and 47 non-Government with 4,624 students.
Justice and Crime.
Italy has 5 Courts of Cassation, (4 of which have jurisdiction exclusively in civil matters), and is divided for the administration of justice into 20 appeal court districts, subdivided into 162 tribunal districts, and these again into mandamenti, each with its own magistracy (Pretura), 1,535 in all. In 12 of the principal towns there are also Pretori nrhani (14) who have jurisdiction exclusively in penal matters. For civil business,^ besides the magistracy above-mentioned, Conciliatori have jurisdiction in petty plaints.
The Pretori have jurisdiction concerning all uiisdemeauours (contravvenzioni) and offences (delitti) punishable by imprisonment (reclusion and detention) not exceeding three months, or banishment not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding 1,000 lire. The penal Tribunals have jurisdiction in the first instance in offences (delitti) for which the Code establishes a minimum penalty not exceeding five years of imprisonment and a maximum not exceeding ten years, or in offences punishable by a fine, exceeding 1,000 lire.
The Courts of Assize, which in all cases have juries, have jurisdiction in all proceed- ings concerning serious offences punishable by imprisonment for life (ergastolo), or by imprisonment (reclusion and detention) exceeding in the minimum five years, and in the maajiwium ten years. They have exclusive jurisdiction (save that the Senate is, on occasion, a high Court of Justice) concerning offences against the internal and external security of the State, and all press offences. Appeal is allowed to the penal Tribunals from the sentences of the Pretori, and to the Courts of Appeal from those of the penal Tribunals. There is no appeal from sentences of the Courts of Assize. The Court of Cassation has power to annul, for illegality, sentences passed by the inferior magistracy and to decide questions of jurisdiction or competency.
