AKEA AND POPULATION
1139
census of 1908, is 140,884, Callao 31,000, Arequipa 35,000 to 40,000, Cuzco 10,000 to 15,000, Iquitos district 12,000, Ayaciicho 14,346, Huara 7,646, Hnacho 6,283.
The Republic (including Tacua) is divided into 18 departments and 2 provinces (Callao and Moquegua), the areas of which, according to estimates supplied by the Lima Geographical Society, are given below with the population, according to the census returns of 1876 (the latest official one) and an estimate for 1896. The estimate, however, is not to be accepted as satisfactory, grave doubts being entertained whether the popu- lation is increasing. The Peruvian Government are of opinion that the population is under 3,000,000 ; the London Stock Exchange has taken 4,000,000 as a basis for computation: —
Area:
Population
Pop. per
Departments
English square miles
square mile, 1896
1876
1896
Piura
16,825
135,615
213,909
12-7
Cajamarca
12,538
212,746
442,412
35-2
Amazonas
13,943
34,284
70,676
5-0
Loreto
288,456
61,905
100,596
0-4
Liberdad
10,206
147,336
250,931
24-5
Ancachs .
16,562
284,830
428,703
25-9
Lima i
13,310
225,800
298,106
22-4
Callao 2 .
14
34,492
48,118
3437-0
Huancavelica
9,251
103,069
223,796
24-2
Huamico .
14,024
78,991
145,309
10-3
Junin
23,347
209,759
394,393
16-9
lea .
8,718
60,255
90,962
10-4
Ayacucho .
18,185
142,215
302,469
16-6
Cuzco
156,270
243,032
438,646
2-8
Puno
41,198
259,449
537,345
13-0
Arequipa .
21,947
157,046
229,007
10-4
Moquegua 2
5,549
28,785
42,694
7-7
Apurimac
8,187
118,525
177,387
20-4
Lambaj'eque
4,614
86,738
124,091
26-9
Tacna
12,590
36,009
50,449
4-0
Total
695,733
2,660,881
4,609,999
6-6
1 Province of Lima, pop. (1908) 172,927. 2 Callao and Moquegua are provinces, not departments.
In 1912 a new political and geographical department was created — Madre de Dios.
There are, besides, many uncivilised Indians, but their numbers are absolutely unknown. The Peruvian Government encourages immigration of properly qualified persons, but would-be settlers entirely destitute of capital are mentioned as undesirable.
As a result of the war with Chile, the latter country has annexed the province of Tarapaca. The Chileans have also, under the treaty signed in 1883 and ratified in 1884, occupied the provinces of Tacna and Arica since 1883. A popular vote should in 1894 have decided to which country they are to belong, but owing to the failure of negotiations for arriving at a tnodxis operandi, the decision was deferred. In 1913, however, an agreement between the two countries was accepted, and a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed.
As to the boundary dispute with Bolivia an arrangement has been come to by direct negotiations between Bolivia and Peru. The frontier line
4 D 2
