1192
RUSSIA
The following are the populations of the chief towns of governments or provinces, and of the other towns having more than 40,000 inhabitants : —
European Russia proper (chiefly in 1910)—
- St. Petersburg (11)
1,962,400
- Moscow (11) . 1,533,400
Odessa (11) . . 505,600
- Kiev (11) . . 505,060
- Riga (11) (Livland) 381,300
- Kharkov . . 236,042
» Saratov . . 206,300
- Yekaterinoslav (09) 195,870
- Vilna (11) . . 190,210
- Kazan (11) . . 188,100
- Astrakhan . . 144,231
- Tula (11). . . 136,530
- Kishinev (11) (Bess.) 123,100
Rostov-OTi-Don (09) 121,300
- Yai-oslavl . . 111,876
Dvinsk . . . 110,912
- Nizhnii-Novgorod
(11) . . : 108,-820 Ivanovo-Vozne=enskl08,033
- Vitebsk . . . 103,840
- Ufa, . . . 103,485
- Minsk . . . 101,166
- Samara . . . 95,642
Nikolavev . . 95,400
- Orenbnrg . . 93,600
Gomel . . . 96.149
- Orel (08) . . , 90,740
- Kovna . . . 87,986
- Zhitomir (Volhynia) 87,200
Kremenchug . . 86,725 Byelostok (10) . 85,900
- Kursk . . . 83,330
- Penza (10) . . 79,552
Voronezh . . 79,000 Tsaritsyn (04). . 78,603
- Poltava . . . 77,751
Berdichev (10) . 76,896
^ Reval (Esthonia) . 73,083 Elizavetgrad . . 72,481 Sebastopol . . 71,100 Smolensk . . 70,911
- Tambov (11) . . 69,995
- Simpheropol(Taurida)68,575
- Kherson (07) . . 67,237
Taganrog . . 66,712 Cronstadt (10) . 66,624 Libau(04) . . 64,502
- Tver (08) . . 61,242
Chelyabinsk . . 61,040 Byelaya Tserkov (11) 60,500
Brest-Litov.sk (10) . 59,200 Yelets . . . 57,430 Nyezhin . . . 57,243
- Sinxbirsk (08) . . 56,>?54
Kerch . . , 55,770
- Grodna . , . 54,900
- Kaluga (11) . . 54,894
- Novocherkask (Don) 53,828
- Moghilev-ou- Dnieper 53,471
Yekaterinburg (04). 52,230
- Perm (11) (Pod.) .
- Kamenets-Podolsk
- Kostroma (11)
Syzran . Alexandrovsk-Grush
evsk . Kozlov (05) .
- Uralsk .
Yurie V (97) .
- Vyatka .
Yuzovka (04) .
- Mitau (Courland) .
- Ryazan . ...
- Arkhangelsk (11) .
- Pskov
- Chernigov
- Vologda (04) .
- Vladimir
- Novgorod (08)
- Petrozavodsk (08)
(Olonetz) .
49,52' 47,310 47,054 45,754
45,536 45,095 45,054 44,140 44,114 42,630 39,200 36,986 35,414 34,620 32,848 32,349 29,700 27,130
15,420
Poland (in 1908)—
- Warsaw (11) . . 872,478
Lodz . . . 408,330 Sosnowice . . 80,710 Chenstochow . 69,525
- Lublin (09) . . 65,870
- Kalisz . . . 46,796
Bendin(08) . . 45,710
- Radom . . . 39,981
- Piotrkow . . .38,114
- Kielce . . 30,818
- Plock . . . 30,612
- Lomza . . . 27,343
- Suwalki . . . 24,354
- Siedlce . . . 23,292
Finland (in 1909)—
- Helsingfors . . 143,382
- Abo . . . 49,377
Tammerfors . . 44,423
- Viborg . . . 33,494
- Chief towns
- Nicolaistad .
20,398
- Uleaborg
19,018
- Kuopio .
15,490
- Tavastehus .
6,094
- St. Michel .
4,473
Caucasus (chiefly in 1910)—
- Tiflis (01)
196,935
- Baku (04)
177,777
- Yekaterinodar
(Kuban)
99,600
- Vladikavkaz ( ferek)
76,486
- Novorossiisk (11)
(Black Sea)
61,118
- Stavropol
54,834
- Kutais .
50,394
Yeisk .
48,329
Piatigorsk .
46,753
- Elizabethpol (OS) .
16,334
Maikop .
45,089
- Erivan (11) .
32,565
- Batum (11) (Dagh.)
30,008
- Temir-Khan-Shura.
12,y99
Siberia (chiefly in 1910)—
- Tomsk .
111,417
^ Irkutsk .
108,060
- Vladivostok .
91,464
- Blagovyeshchensk
(10) (Amur).
64,383
- Krasnoyarsk(Yenisei) 62,919
Khabarovsk ,
49,488
- Chita (04) (Transb.)
39,117
- Tobolsk .
20,292
- Yakutsk (10)
8,209
- Petropavlovsk (11)
(Kamchatka)
1,346
Central Asia (chieflv in 1908)-
- Tashkent (09) (Syr
Daria) . . 201,191 Kokand . . . 112,428
- Om.sk (09) . . 88,900
- Samarcand . . 80,706
Andizhan . . 74,316 Namangan . . 73,279 Old Marghelan . 46,432 Osh . . . 43,483
- Askhabad (Trans-
casp.) . . 41,729
- Semipalatinsk (09). 35,121
- Vyernyi(04) . . 31,317
- Skobelev . . 11,201
- Kustanai (Turgai) . 25,220
Religion.
The established religion of the Empire is the Grseco-Rnssian, officially called the Orthodox Faith. It has its own independent synod, but maintains the relations of a sister Church with the four Orthodox patriarchates of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The Holy Synod, the board of government of the Russian Church, was established in 1721.
The Emperor is head of the Church ; he appoints to every office therein, and . is restricted only so far as to leave to the bishops and prelates the privilege of proposing candidates ; and he transfers and dismisses persons from their offices in certain cases. But he has never claimed the right of
