RELIGION 25
who landed in the United Kingdom in 1912 numbered 141,489 and those who embarked 188,994.
The number of Irish who emigrated from Ireland was in 1908, 23,295 ; in 1909, 28,676 ; in 1910, 32,457 ; in 1911, 30,573 ; in 1912, 29,344 ; the total number from May 1, 1851, to December 31, 1912, was 4,247,360.
The passenger movement between the United Kingdom and European countries (including all ports in the Mediterranean and Black Seas) in recent years is given as follows : —
Passengers
Year
To UK.
From U.K. !
1908
1,002,110
1,026,377
1909
1,045,501
951,238
1910
1,153,606
1,040,942
1911
1,115,086
1,083,241
1912
1 1,149,719
!
1,075,082
Balance Inward
-24,2671 94,263
112,664 31,845 74,637
1 Balance outward.
Religion.— I. England and Wales.
The Established Church of England is Protestant Episcopal. Civil disabilities on account of religion do not attach to any class of British subjects.
The King is by law the supreme governor of the Churcli, possessing the right, regulated by the statute 25 Hen. VIII. c. 20, to nominate to the vacant archbishoprics and bishoprics, the form being to send to the dean and chapter of the vacant see the royal licence, or conge d'elire, to proceed to the election, accompanied by the King's letter naming the person to be elected ; and afterwards the royal assent and confirmation of the appointment are signified under the Great Seal. But this form applies only to the sees of old foundation ; the bishoprics of Manchester, St. Albans, Liverpool, Truro, Newcastle, Southwark, Southwell, and Birmingham are conferred direct by letters patent from the Crown. The King, and the First Lord of the Treasury in his name, also appoint to such deaneries, prebendaries, and canonries as are in the gift of the Crown, while a large number of livings and also some canonries are in the gift of the Lord Chancellor.
There are 2 archbishops and 35 bishops, and 35 suffragan and assistant bisliops in England and Wales. The archbishops have also each his own particular diocese, wherein they exercise episcopal, as in their provinces they exercise archiepiscopal jurisdiction. Under the bishops are about 32 deans and 100 archdeacons. For the management of ecclesiastical affairs, the provinces have each a council, or Convocation, consisting ol the bishops, archdeacons, and deans, in person, and of a certain number of proctors, as the representatives of the inferior clergy. These councils are summoned by the respective archbishops, in pursuance of the King's mandate. When assembled, they must also have the King's licence before they can deliberate ; as Avell as the sanction of the Crown to their resolutions before they are binding on the clergy.
The number of civil parishes (districts 'for which a separate poor rate is or can be made) at the census of 1911 was 14,614. These, however, in most cases, do not coincide with ecclesiastical parishes, which, during the present century, have lost their old importance, the ancient parishes
