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INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS
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Of the total length open December 31, 1911, England and Wales bad 16,200 miles, Scotland 3,815 miles, Ireland 3,402 miles. Of the whole length of line 10,311 miles were single, 11,642 double, 291 triple, and 1,173 quadruple or more; 2,868 miles had a gauge of 5ft. 3in., 19,854 had a gauge of 4ft. 8in., that of the remainder varying from 4ft. 6in. to 1ft. 11 in.

Further statistics for the United Kingdom :— Gross Receipts Year Length of lines open at the end of each year Total Capital paid up (shares and loans) at the end of each year Number of Passengers conveyed (ex- clusive of season-ticket holders) Weight of goods and minerals conveyed From Passengers From Goods Traffic Total, in- cluding Mis- cellaneous Working Expenses Miles Million Million Thous. Thous. Thous. Thous. Thous. 1900 21,855 £ 1,176 0 Millions 1,142.3 1905 22,847 1,272-6 1,199-0 1909 23,280 1,314.4 1,265-1 1910 23,387 1,318.5 1911 23,417 1,324.0 1,306-7 1,326-3 tons £ 424.9 45,384 461.1 48,720 499.9 51,205 59,477 120,174 514.4 52,758 61,479 123,926 76,570 523.6 53,955 63,285 127,200 78,618 £ £ 53,471 104,802 ₤ £ 64,744 40,058 56,412 113,531 70,065 43,466 75,038 45,136 47,356 48,582 The number of holders of season and periodical tickets in 1911, stated in terms of the equivalent number of holders of annual tickets, was 779,173. Of the total capital at the end of 1911 the English railways had 1,093,253,6941., Scottish 185,778,2497., and Irish 44,986,4187. Of the receipts in 1911, England and Wales took 109,189,734., Scotland 13,498,6097., and Ireland 4,511,227. The percentage of working expendi- ture to gross receipts was 61.8 in 1911, the same as in 1910. The per- centage of net receipts to the total paid-up capital was 3-67 in 1911, against 3.59 in 1910. At the end of 1911, the length of railway line (in equivalent of single track) worked solely by electricity was 2064 miles, and the length partly worked by electricity was 258 miles. On March 31, 1912, there were in the United Kingdom 2,642 miles of tramway and light railway open; gross receipts 1911-12, 14,726,0687. ; working expenses, 8,924,420.; total paid up capital, 76,062,9667. Total passengers during the year, 3,127,318,732. II.-CANALS AND NAVIGATIONS. Statistics for 1905 :- Length Traffic Revenue Expenditure Miles Canals:- Not belonging to rail- Tons conveyed € £ ways :- England and Wales 2,457 Scotland 100 Ireland. 753 28,019,089 1,905,697 149,724 15,494 776,704 15,996 1,304,876 14,507 88,848 United Kingdom 3,310 28,945,517 2,037,187 1,408,231 G Net Receipts