488 UNITED STATES : — COLORADO
neo-lected children's home, and a liome for discharfi;cd sohliers and sailors. Including private and ecclesiastical institutions there are, in the State, 59 benevolent establishments (exclusive of almshouses). The chairman of the board of county commissioners is superintendent of the poor of the county. Almshouses are under the control of the county board and subject to inspection by State board of charities and county board of vi^^itors. No relief is given till the name, age, sex, place of birth, time of immigration into the United States and into Colorado are recorded by the county clerk. On January 1, 1905, the almshouses had 462 pauper inmates (452 white and 10 coloured).
Finance, Defence. — The state Treasurer's biennial report tor 1909 and 1910 shows tlie following general results: —
Dollars On hand December 1, 1908 . . . . 2, 820, 268 19 • Receipts in 1909-10 6,.o01,713-98
Total Receipts 9,321,983-17
Disbursements in 1909-10 6, 012, 662 63
Balance Dec. 1, 1910 .... 3,309,320-54
The State debt in 1910 was : Gross floating and bonded debt, 4,257,616-55 dollars, less assets due to the State, 1,560,423-89 dollars; net debt, 2,897,192 66 dollars. The assessment valuation for 1911 amounted to 415,815,394 dollars.
The militia, called the National Guard, with its headcpiarters at Denver, consists of two regiments of Infantry, one squadron of Cavalry, a battery of light Artillery, a Signal Corps, a Hospital Corps, and three detachments ; total strength, in 1909, 71 oflicers and 774 enlisted men.
Production and Industry.— By irrigation large portions of the State have been brought under cultivation. Projects for irrigation are being carried ■ out b}'- the Federal Government involving an expenditure of 72,872,000 dollars for the reclamation of 2,528,747 acres in Colorado. The chief crops are wheat (10,968,000 bushels in 1912), oats (12,412,000 bushels), maize (2,964,000 djushels), barley, potatoes, and great quantities of hay. Sugar from beet (1912), 11-07 short tons. Fruit and vegetables are wideW cultivated. Within the State stock-raising is older than husbandr}^ in 1911 the number of farm animals was: 306,000 horses, 16,300 mules, 298,000 milk cows; 1,091,000 other cattle, 1,610,000 sheep, 419,000 swine. The national forests in the state have an area (June, 1911) of 14,761,900 acres.
Colorado has great mining and smelting industries, coal and the ores of the precious metals being extensively worked. The output of gold in 1911 was 925,839 fine ounces, valued at 19,138,800 dollars, and of'silver 7,331,200 line ounces, valued at 3,958,800 dollars. The output of petr'Jeum in 1911 amounted to 226,926 barrels (of 42 gallons), valued at 228,104 dollars. Iron ore was extracted to the amount of 373,407 gross tons. The output of copper was 9,791,861 pounds, valued at 1,223,983 dollars ; the output of lead was 30,621 tons (2,755,890 dollars), and of zinc (spelter), 42,233 tons (4,814,522 dollars). The output of granite, sandstone, and limestone was valued at 1,514,827 dollars. Portland cement, mica, tungsten, bismuth, graphite, rose quartz, and fluor spar are produced.
